基于分形理论的河床表面形态量化方法研究

提出以河床表面分形维数从整体上量化河床形态,并依据表面积—尺度法原理,在对现有面分维计算方法的表面积估算、边界处理及无标度区判断等方面进行改进的基础上,给出了适用于具有不规则边界的表面分形维数计算方法,该方法对河床表面分维计算具有较好的适用性.将典型河段的年内冲淤变化、局部河势、河型与河床表面分形维数变化结合起来,说明了河床表面形态具有一定的分形特征,河床表面分形维数可随着河床的冲淤变化而改变,河床形态冲淤起伏愈剧烈,则河床表面分形维数愈大,其能定量反映河床形态的复杂程度,可用于河势量化分析、河型判别以及河道形态阻力计算等相关问题研究.     

波浪加载下海底土质特性变化的研究

通过不同的制样方法，在水槽中模拟了多种海底在波浪作用下的变化行为。试验发现，加压排水固结的砂质粉土海底在波浪作用下较稳定；加压不产生排水而固结的砂质粉土海底易受波浪的冲刷；自然条件和轻微振动的砂质粉土海底最易受到波浪的扰动破坏，形成塌陷凹坑。粘粒含量较高的粉质粘土对波浪的反映不敏感；下卧软土层土体在上覆压力下的变形量与含水量关系密切，含水量越高，变形越大。试验结果证明，波浪会引起沉积物性质发生改变，也是引起海底形态变化的主要原因。     

氟苯尼考对海洋沉积物中氮循环的影响

为了评估抗生素对海洋沉积物氮素循环的影响,采用室内模拟实验研究了氟苯尼考存在下沉积物中氮素含量的变化.实验结果表明:氟苯尼考在低质量分数(1 mg/kg和10 mg/kg)下对沉积物间隙水中NH4—N含量的影响不显著,只有在较高质量分数(100 mg/kg和500 mg/kg)下才出现显著的NH4—N积累.培养前期,添加氟苯尼考可导致沉积物间隙水中NO2—N含量迅速降低,而培养后期氟苯尼考又表现为刺激NO2—N含量增加.培养的第2天,沉积物间隙水中NO3—N的含量有短时间的积累;培养4 d以后,高质量分数(500 mg/kg)的氟苯尼考又表现为对硝化作用的抑制.同时,实验表明:高质量分数(100 mg/kg和500 mg/kg)的氟苯尼考可抑制沉积物的氧化还原电位的变化.     

蓄滞洪区平面二维干河床洪水演进数值模拟

在地形较复杂的情况下,采用常用的处理干河床问题的方法有时会出现水流虚假流动的现象。本在洪水干河床演进模拟中提出了“水位平铺”假设进行处理,取得了比较好的模拟效果。模型建立过程中采用有限差分法的逆风格式离散控制方程,并用ADI方法求解代数方程组,模型计算速度快,节约计算内存,基本可以满足洪水实时预报要求。     

应用地积累指数法评价太子河沉积物中重金属污染

根据沉积学原理和环境化学行为特点,应用地积累指数法对太子河(本溪段)沉积物中重金属污染进行了评价研究。结果表明,太子河市区段重金属污染是严重的,主要的重金属污染物为Cu, Pb, 其次为Zn, Cd, Hg。     

应用生物效应数据库法建立沉积物重金属质量基准的初步研究——以渤海锦州湾海洋沉积物为例

应用当前国际上最被广泛接受的生物效应数据库法尝试建立了渤海锦州湾初步的沉积物重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg)质量基准，同时从三个角度对所得的基准进行了检验，检验结果表明，计算所得的基准与其定义的生物效应基本一致．     

Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

论三峡水库下游的河床冲淤变化

回顾和分析了三峡建库前后坝下游汉口以上河段的冲淤情况，通过分析丹江口、三门峡等水库下游实测资料表明，在水库下游河床冲刷、沙量恢复过程中，各粒径组输沙量均不会超出建库前水平，这是与河床边界、河型等因素无关的一般性规律，目前三峡水库下游冲淤计算成果与其他水库下游的冲淤规律存在矛盾之处，汉口以上河段冲淤情况以及对防洪的影响值得商榷。     

东海表层沉积物中重金属集散特征及变化规律

为研究重金属集散特征及在海洋沉积物中的变化规律,采用π定理建立准则,分别对表征重金属集散特征多因子中的中值粒径、细粒平均粒径及其含量、有机质和粘土含量做了数理统计与分析,建立多元集散控制方程,并运用最小二乘法求解方程中的相关系数.结果表明,该方程能够很好地表征海洋沉积物中重金属元素富集规律及其在海底环境中动态变化过程.     

Analysis on River Sediment Changes of the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River

The sediment load and river sedimentation of the upper reaches of Yangtze River has been undergoing constant changes as complex landformlarge mountain area and plentiful precipitation make the drainage area of Yangtze River very vulnerable to water erosion and gravity erosion. Through analyzing the hydrological and sediment load statistics recorded by major hydrological stations along Yangtze River since 1950s, and editing the accumulation graph of annual runoff volume and annual sediment load, we find out that the suspended-sediment of Yangtze river has been decreasing year by year in Wulong Hydrological Station on Wujiang River, Beibei Hydrological Station on Jialingjiang River, Lijiawan Hydrological Station on Tuojiang River and Gaochang Hydrological Station on Minjiang River, Yichang Hydrological Station, Cuntan Hydrological Station along Yangtze River mainstream share the same experience too. But the statistics obtained at Pingshan Hydrological Station on Jinshajiang River shows the sediment load there has increased. Taking ecological construction, hydraulic engineering construction and precipitation changes into consideration, the thesis analyses the cauls for the sediment load decrease of Jialingjiang River, Tuojiang River, Minjiang River and Wujiang River and provides us both scientific foundation for further study of river sediment changes of the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and measures to control river sedimentation.