水稻植株生长异常原因经验识别系统研究

在全面分析水稻生长异常症状与原因关系的基础上,以ＷＩＮＤＯＷＳ９５为平台,用ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃ５．０开发多媒体“水稻生长异常经验识别系统”,“系统”根据看,问、摸获取的信息,不仅能快速准确地识别导致水稻生长异常的原因,还可提供相应的防治措施。     

灰色系统理论在水稻育种农艺性状选择上的应用

运用灰色系统理论的关联度分析法，研究了水稻的主要农艺性状与产量之间的关系。结果表明，关联度大小依次为结实率＞收获指数＞生物产量＞每穗总粒数＞株高＞有效穗＞千粒重，为水稻育种提供重要理论依据。     

水稻纹枯病流行程度的模型预测

根据水稻纹枯病发生与危害程度的调查资料,经与各诱病因素的相关性分析,组建成早、晚稻纹枯病的长期预测模型。经1990～1994年的应用检验,预测准确率达80％以上。     

Production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza meyeriana L

Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O.sativa and O.meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.     

Cloning and expressional analyses of a cinnamoyl CoA reductase cDNA from rice seedlings

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR: EC 1.2.1.44),the entry-point enzyme of the llgnin specific biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of cinnamoyl CoA esters to their corresponding dnnamaldehydes. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the deduced polypeptide shared 70% similarity and 30% sequence identity at the amino acid level with defined CCR genes from other plant species and they all contain the common signature sequences thought to be the catalytic site as well as the putative NADP binding domain.Using a conserved OsCCR cDNA fragment as the probe for library screening, we isolated the genomic DNA that covered the whole coding region of OsCCR with total length of 3045bp including 4 introns and 5 exons. The open reading frame for our OsCCR gene coBtAin~ 337 amino adds. Northern blot indicated that OsCCR was expressed in different organs with the highest level found in stems. In situ hybridization results showed that OsCCR mRNA was localized mainly along the vascular bundles in stems and leaves, and also in lateral roots that was differentiating from the tiilering node. We conclude that the vascular-localized expression of OsCCR gene may suggest its possible involvement in llgnin biosynthesis. Cloning and characterization of OsCCR will help to clarify how llgniflcations in plants are regulated and will provide a physical basis for creating genetically engineered rice plants with optimal lignin contents.     

水稻花培育种技术操作和无性系变异体选择

概述了水稻花培育种的技术操作程序和细胞无性系变异的选择方法。选择合适的水稻花培起始材料,选用适宜的培养基配方,对于水稻花培中愈伤组织诱导和分化至关重要。某些增效因子（例如水解乳蛋白、单核苷酸、ＡｇＮＯ３等）可提高灿稻花培的绿苗分化率。无性系变异为农作物细胞工程育种提供丰富的选择材料。通过对细胞变异的研究,建立了裸米选择－测米培胚的技术方法,并选育出多个高蛋白量的水稻优质品种（品系）。     

山东胶州赵家庄遗址4000年前稻田的植硅体证据

山东地区新石器时代稻田遗迹的确认和研究, 不仅是中国稻作农业历史研究中的重要问题, 也是东亚地区稻作农业东传路线研究中的关键内容. 由于受到考古学资料和研究方法的局限, 一直没有发现山东地区新石器时代的稻田遗迹. 在田野考古发掘工作中识别了可能是稻田遗迹的基础上, 系统分析了胶州赵家庄遗址稻田遗迹土样的植硅体, 结果证明该遗址保存有4000年前的稻田. 这是中国北方首次采用系统的植硅体分析方法确认的新石器时代稻田遗迹, 对于东亚地区水稻东传路线的研究也具有重要意义.     

种植模式对稻田土壤微生物数量及活度的影响

为了明确种植模式对稻田土壤微生物的影响情况，进行了少耕和翻耕时不同种植模式对稻田土壤微生物数量及活度的影响研究，结果表明：种植马铃薯、紫云英、黑麦草、油菜、小黑麦等冬季作物能够不同程度的影响土壤中微生物的数量与活度，影响程度可以表示为马铃薯〉黑麦草〉小黑麦〉紫云英〉油菜〉冬闲。在晚稻收割期，少耕土壤中的好气性细菌、厌气性细菌、真菌、放线菌数量都多于翻耕土壤。早稻收割期翻耕比少耕的微生物活度略高，而晚稻收割期翻耕比少耕的微生物略低，这与所测的几类微生物数量的基本变化规律是一致的。少耕能激活土壤中的微生物，改良土壤。     

市场经济发展中农业生产结构变化对水田理化性的影响——以中国西南部四川省攀枝花市仁和区为例

在中国内陆的四川省攀枝花市进行了随着市场经济发展而发生的农业生态变化给农田理化性带来的影响调研。在临近农贸市场的农村,经济价值高的蔬菜、果树种植面积的逐步扩大,由此增加的农业收入提高了农村家庭总收入。对经济作物的偏重,使得在水稻栽培方面的土壤管理质量低下,蔬菜种植面积的增加促进了水田的利用率和水田的旱作,其结果造成了水田理化性质趋向恶化。因此,有必要在今后的土地利用上,进行能规避土壤理化性质恶化的技术研究和技术引进。在远离农贸市场的农村,虽然人们尝试着引入经济价值高的作物,但因栽培技术落后,销路的限制而未能推广,而依靠出外打工保障家庭总收入。因此有必要在提高上述作物栽培技术的同时,改善通向市场的道路网络。