Determination on ^87Sr/^86Sr ratio and stratigraphic dating of single-grain foraminifera

Information on palaeoocean and palaeoclimate can be recorded in foraminifera, and formation ages of the fo- raminifera are nevertheless essential for such study of pa- laeoenvironment. The growth rate of seamount ferroman- ganese crusts is normally very l…     

野外活性炭测氡法实验研究

根据活性炭吸附原理，对活性炭野外测量土壤中的氡气进行了理论分析，并结合野外实际使用，设计了活性炭采样器，给出了野外操作方法。经野外实际使用，证明该方法较其它方法精度高、操作方便，有利于发现一些微弱异常。     

闪烁室本底的来源及降低方法

闪烁室是一种常用于测量氡的探测器．介绍了闪烁室的探测原理以及闪烁室本底的各种来源、特点和相应的降低方法。     

桂西晚古生代玄武岩Ar-Ar和U-Pb年代学及其对峨眉山玄武岩省喷发时代的约束

桂西一带呈层状、似层状产出的晚古生代玄武岩具有与峨眉山溢流玄武岩中高Ti玄武岩相似的元素-同位素地球化学组成. 对区内典型火山岩剖面的关键层位玄武岩样品进行了高精度全岩⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年. 结果表明, 阳圩剖面上部、玉凤和民安剖面下部玄武岩分别给出了253.6±0.4, 255.4±0.4, 256.2±0.8 Ma的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄. 阳圩剖面上部玄武岩中锆石给出了253.7±6.1 Ma的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄. 结合峨眉山溢流玄武岩区已有年代学资料认为, 峨眉山大火成岩省最早启动于约260 Ma, 该火成岩省的大规模快速喷发发生在253~256 Ma, 251~253 Ma的中酸性岩石代表该火成岩事件的晚期产物. 峨眉山火成岩省自启动到消亡的时间范围变化于251~260 Ma间, 大致耦合于Guadalupian末与P/Tr边界的环境突变与生物绝灭. 桂西晚古生代玄武岩精细年代学的确定为厘定峨眉山火成岩事件的主体喷发时代和理解峨眉山溢流玄武岩中高Ti玄武岩的时空格局和地幔柱动力学机制提供了资料.     

不同类型镜质体的气态烃碳同位素生成动力学

金管封闭体系热模拟条件下镜质体生烃动力学研究表明：活化能随镜质体类型、结构的不同而有很大差异．均质镜质体裂解活化能最高而基质镜质体活化能分布相对较低．而由不同类型镜质体裂解生成的甲烷均具有非常相似的碳同位素分布，热模拟早期δ^13C1随温度的升高而下降，晚期逐渐上升，更高温度热解时保持平衡或略有下降．由此可见镜质体的热解天然气碳同位素分馏主要受时间、温度及总碳同位素值的控制，而镜质体结构及活化能分布对碳同位素分馏影响较小．早期δ^13C1下降的趋势可能是由于镜质体的不均质性或在不同的活化能区间^12C-^12C及^12C-^13C之间的活化能差值(△E)有所不同造成的．     

羌塘盆地中晚侏罗世旋回地层初步分析

羌塘盆地是中国海相侏罗系最为发育的地区之一,对该套地层开展了旋回地层学研究,初步的研究结果表明羌塘盆地中上侏罗统至少存在四种旋回类型,即沉积旋回、古生物旋回、地球化学旋回和磁化率旋回,并按级别将低频旋回划分为3个旋回级次.其中一级旋回是由顶底不整合面限制的一个总体向上变粗变浅的充填序列,持续时间为48 Ma;二级旋回显示为大型的海进-海退旋回,旋回的时间跨度为27～29 Ma;三级旋回显示为向上变粗或向上变细的不完整旋回,旋回的时间跨度为7～14 Ma.古生物旋回、地球化学旋回(碳氧稳定同位素、微量元素)和磁化率旋回与沉积旋回具有良好的响应,并与特提斯同期低频旋回具有很好的对比性.     

华南黑色岩系铂多金属矿成矿流体地球化学及其矿床成因意义

较系统的流体包裹体观测显示:①华南黑色岩系铂多金属矿中存在两种不同体系的流体包裹体,一为具中低盐度、NaCl-H2O体系者(Ⅰ型);二为具中高盐度、CaCl2-NaCl-H2O体系者(Ⅱ型);其中后者为该类矿床中首次确定;②存在2个不同期次的成矿流体,其中铂多金属矿层和其下伏磷块岩中碳酸盐石英网脉的流体包裹体特征基本一致,可能代表主成矿期流体,其均一温度峰值为170℃左右,而盐度具双峰式特征,峰值分别为27%～31%和4%～6%;矿层之上碳酸盐石英脉中流体包裹体可能代表了晚期成矿流体,其均一温度多为130～170℃左右,盐度峰值在12%～14%;③在早寒武世,接受了巨厚沉积的扬子克拉通南缘加里东冒地槽中的盆地热卤水受挤压而顺层侧向迁移,从地层中汲取Ni、Mo、V和PGE等成矿元素,形成中高盐度的CaCl2-NaCl-H2O体系成矿热液,沿断裂上升并与NaCl-H2O体系海水混合,形成黑色岩系中的铂多金属矿床(点).     

鱼耳石的碳、氧稳定同位素成分研究

鱼耳石是沉淀在真骨鱼类内耳中的结石,矿物成分为碳酸盐类的文石.鱼耳石每日生长一条环带,且其形成过程中在文石矿物和鱼生活周围的水体之间达到(或接近于达到)氧同位素平衡,因而18O/16O的同位素分馏与温度密切相关.鱼耳石中的碳同位素分馏与鱼生活周围的水体不平衡,但可以记录鱼类的性成熟和食物源方面的变化.因此,鱼耳石的氧、碳稳定同位素成分(δ18O和δ13C)真实地记录了鱼类的生态环境和变化,可视为一种天然的环境变化的标记.伴随着微取样技术和同位素质谱仪分析灵敏度的提高,鱼耳石的同位素成分研究近年来在渔业和海洋环境重建方面得到了广泛的应用.     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

Deep-water Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum （EOGM） in South Atlantic

The most prominent cooling event of the Earth surface during Cenozoic in the long-term transition from a non-glaciated planet, or “green-house world”, to a polar, glaciated planet, or “ice-house world”, is the Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) above the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at about 33.7 Ma. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate content, and coarse fraction, along with high-resolution color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility records during 35-30 Ma, from deep-water Sites 1262 and 1265, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 208 in South Atlantic, reveal the global cooling event occurring in both surface and deep oceans. The results show that the earliest Oligocene δ^18O values during 33.5-33.1 Ma represent the magnitude of continental ice sheets on east Antarctica and indicate the large decrease in both surface and deep water temperatures of worldwideoceans. The δ^13C records show the large excursion during the period of EOGM event and indicate some types of shift in global carbon reservoir, probably demonstrating the sudden increase in organic carbon burial rates and the changes in the distribution and timing of production. At the same time, lithologic composition, carbonate content, color reflectance, and coarse fraction brought about significant changes close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, reflecting the abrupt deepening in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Changes in carbonate content were revealed from the color reflectance identify periodicities associated with eccentricity of the Earth‘s orbit (100 and 400 ka), further indicating orbitally forced global climate variations in the Early Oligocene.