加权残数法在双曲扁壳有矩理论中的应用

文[1]讨论的加权残数法在正交正放类平板网架夹层板法中的应用,具有推导简单,內力挠度表达式简练易懂的优点。本文讨论的是将加权残数法由平板型结构推广到曲面壳体型结构的应用。工程界常用的壳体结构,以双曲率扁壳为多,但当跨度较大时,一般均采用符拉索夫(BπaCOB)的有矩理论[2]即建立两个高阶偏微分方程作为基本方程,通过单三角级数法或纳维尔(Navicy)双三角级数法求解出内力函数φ与法向位移ω。但是,单三角级数法求出的挠度、内力表式冗长,计算麻烦。纳维尔法所得的内力表达式虽然比较简单,但推导过程不如加权残数直接、简单。利用本文方法推导的双曲扁壳内力、挠度表达式与用纳维尔法所得结果完全吻合,说明其计算精度与收敛性均达到满意的结果。我们用本文的方法设计了18×18~M和36×37.5~M两个钢筋混凝土双曲扁壳结构,以证明其实用价值。     

东华原型应用技术研究

章着重分析了东华原型与人体之间的配伍关系，阐述了利用东华原型进行我国女装结构设计的可行性和合理性，总结了作为女装结构设计模型的使用方法。     

男西服后身板型合理化研究

从人体工学角度阐述男装后浮余量的形成原理，并用立体构成方法提出其与胸围的一元回归关系。借鉴欧式西服后身板型的处理方法，对我国男西服后身板型的处理进行定量分析，调整传统男西服后身处理的方法，优化男西服后身板型，简化成衣工艺工序，提高西服成衣化水平。     

Affected zone generated around the erosion pit on carbon steel surface at the incipient stage of vibration cavitation

The characteristics of erosion pits on a carbon steel surface were investigated at the incipient stage of cavitation erosion. After a 5-minute experiment performed in an ultrasonic vibration system, needle-like erosion pits appeared on the polished steel surface, and a specially affected zone was formed around the pit. The shape of the pit and the plastic deformation of the affected zone indicate that the me-chanical impaction on the surface is the main reason for the cavitation damage. On the other hand, the iridescent color, the decreased surface hardness and the precipitated carbides on the affected zone prove that the affected zone has experienced a tempering process with the temperature higher than 300℃. The lack of oxygen in the affected zone also proves that it is not a chemical oxygen result. A special phenomenon that a carbon ring forms in the affected zone is explained as a result of the tor- oidal bubbles＇ heating effect at the final stage of the bubble collapse.     

Effect of roughness and wettability of silicon wafer in cavitation erosion

Material damage of silicon wafer with different roughness and wettability was investigated by using the self-made vibration cavitation apparatus in de-ionized water. Various roughness and wettability of silicon wafer were achieved by changing their morphology and depositing Au, diamond-like carbon films （DLC films） on them. Surface morphology was observed with a scanning electron microscope （SEM） and a surface profilometer, and wettability was characterized by the contact angle measurement. The cavitation erosion results showed that many tiny pits and cracks appeared on the wafer surface as a result of brittle fractures; the number and size of the pits and cracks increased with experiment time, which made material flake away finally; cavitation occurred more easily on the silicon wafer surface with the augment of roughness or contact angle by changing surface morphology or depositing Au, DLC thin film on it, which consequently aggravated cavitation damage.     

求解二维双曲守恒律方程的自适应人工粘性熵稳定格式

采用熵守恒格式求解双曲守恒律方程组时,通过加入适当的人工粘性,能使格式达到熵稳定,从而使得到的数值解能收敛于满足物理特性的解。自适应人工粘性在不同的计算区域上,能根据解的特性变化而改变其大小。本文将自适应人工粘性添加到熵守恒格式上,使得新格式满足熵稳定条件。并通过调节系数C使得格式整体达到高分辨率。最后以熵稳定ERoe格式和高分辨率EYee格式作为参照,通过几个二维数值实验,说明新格式的特性。     

混流泵叶片优化及基于状态方程模型的空化研究

在保证效率和扬程的前提下,为了最大限度地提高混流泵空化性能,利用基于正压流体状态方程的空化模型,开展了混流泵空化性能研究.发现原来采用速度系数法设计的5叶片混流泵叶片结构并不合理,泵叶轮设计工况下的临界空化余量较高.针对这一问题,增加混流泵的叶片数目为7片,并以效率和扬程作为目标函数,对7叶片混流泵叶片进口边形状、叶片前缘厚度以及叶片厚度变化规律进行了优化设计.混流泵优化前后3种不同叶片结构方案的空化性能对比分析结果表明:混流泵叶片进口边适当向进口方向延伸,叶片进口边前缘减薄,以及改变叶片厚度的变化规律,将使混流泵的临界空化余量大大降低.优化设计后的混流泵效率为90.857%,扬程为163.86m,优化后的临界空化余量为28.64m,相比优化前降低了45%,有效地改善了混流泵在设计工况下的空化性能,为今后该类高温高压混流泵的设计和优化提供了方向.     

泵的布置及配管

依据国家相关标准规范围绕泵的分类、布置及配管3个方面对化工行业中泵的设计进行了总结。泵按照工作原理分为三大类,将各类型所包含的泵型做了简单的介绍。对于泵的布置,主要介绍了一般要求,泵的间距,液化烃泵布置的要求以及泵的标高等内容。在泵的配管方面,分别对泵配管的一般要求,泵的辅助管道和特殊管道的设计要求进行了概括。