Cr/WC激光表面改性梯度层组织及磨损行为

用5kWCO2激光器对先后预置不同成分合金粉末的铸造铝硅合金表面进行2次激光扫描，制备了Cr/WC激光表面改性梯度层，并对其显微组织进行了分析，结果表明，在梯度层表面产生了大量的Al9Cr4化合物，且有更多的硅元素固溶在α-Al中，增加了固溶强化的作用，自表面至基体激光改性梯度层的显微硬度呈现明显的连续变化趋势，而单次激光表面改性层与基体之间的显微硬度值则有一突变，微动磨损实验表明，激光改性后的表面抗微动磨损的能力增强，磨损机制不同于铝硅合金基体，而表现出较好的抗粘着损伤性能。     

气缸气缓冲特性的实验研究

研究气缸气缓冲特性,建立计算机辅助测试系统.通过调节气源压力和缓冲针阀开度,测试不同工况下缓冲腔及主气路压力、气缸行程以及振动加速度等参数,并分析过缓冲、欠缓冲及最佳缓冲等几种典型的气缓冲特性.实验结果表明:气缸活塞与端盖的机械碰撞是造成振动冲击的主要因素;一些过缓冲过程仍存在机械碰撞,从而造成缓冲效果变差;最佳气缓冲只存在于某些工况.     

汽缸·气缸

汽缸或气缸 (下文中有时用“～缸”代替 ) ,是热力发动机 (简称热机 )的重要部件之一。《新华词典》对“汽缸”的解释是 :“往复式发动机或压气机中的圆筒状机件。有活塞在其中运动。”词典只收“汽缸” ,未收“气缸” ,在条目“内燃机”的释文中使用的是“汽缸” ,而在条目“蒸汽机”和“柴油机”的释文中使用的却是“气缸”。那么“气缸”与“汽缸”究竟是什么关系 ?是异形词关系 ,还是意义有所区别的两个词 ?要想搞清“汽缸”与“气缸”的关系 ,还要从热机所使用的工质谈起。所谓热机 ,是指利用燃料燃烧释放出来的热能做功 ,也就是把热能…     

用CCD光学三角法测轧辊表面磨损量

利用激光束照射到轧辊表面，再用透镜将轧辊表面上的激光光斑成像到CCD上，当轧辊表面被磨损，CCD上激光光斑的像也会发生位移，通过对光斑像位移的测量，就可以计算出轧辊表面的磨损程度。     

炭/炭复合材料熔融渗Si研究

为了改善航空刹车副用炭/炭复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,对A,B 2种试样进行了渗Si处理.在试样A的摩擦磨损试验中,其线性磨损由原来的42 μm/次降低到17.56 μm/次,摩擦因数较稳定,均为0.36,并且摩擦磨损曲线的线型较好;试样B渗Si后也比渗Si前的摩擦磨损曲线线型好,同时解决了摩擦时的振动问题,但随试样中所生成SiC含量的增加,其摩擦因数由0.40→0.34→0.30降低,静盘线性磨损量由2.0→21.21→69.33 μm增加,对应的动盘线性磨损量也由1.4→23.12→52.85 μm增加.并从摩擦磨损的机理上进行了分析.实验结果表明,摩擦磨损性能一方面受A,B 2种试样的结构性能影响;另一方面是由渗Si后所生成SiC的性能和不同结构决定的.     

Combining Diagnosis of the Casing and Tooljoint Wear in Mud Fluid While Drilling

A ground monitoring system was developed to diagnose casing and tooljoint wear in a well during drilling by combining the analysis of wear debris with detection of the tooljoints. The result shows that the wear debris concentration in the circulating drilling mud in a well reflects the total wear rate of the triboelements in the well, while the wear detection of a tooljoint can indicate its wear loss between two contiguous times of drill-pipe lifting. A diagnosis method that integrates the two types of information was developed to identify severe wear regions in well casing. Theoretical analyses and field test show that the severe casing wear region can be located relatively accurately by the integrated method. This method presents a new ground casing wear diagnosis approach with good real-time results.     

Tribological Properties of API 10-Round Thread Connection During Make-and-Break Process

Galling is one of the most familiar failure forms for tubing and casing connections. It has been regarded as a key problem by metallurgy and petroleum systems all over the world. The theory of tribology and contact mechanics was used to analyze the contact force, plastic strain, and other parameters of API 10-round tubing connections in the process of makeup and breakout using the nonlinear finite element method. The stress states of the tubing thread connections were also analyzed for combined makeup and axial tensile loads. The results show that the main factors for tubing thread galling failure with thread grease are the normal contact force of the pin and box and the rigidity of the thread surface. The distribution of the contact force can be improved and the high contact force of the local thread can be reduced by optimizing the geometric parameters of the thread or using a small or varied pitch. The thread surface rigidity can be increased by improving the thread surface machining quality and by heat treatment. The chance of tubing thread galling failure can be reduced by designing hydraulic pressure tongs to avoid high speed and high torque makeup and by standardizing the operations of oilfield makeup and breakout.     

Topographical Parameter Characteristics of Dry Sliding Surfaces of Particle-Reinforced Aluminum Composites

Generally, friction and wear occur on the surface of the materials. It is necessary to investigate the dry sliding friction and wear behavior of surface. In this paper, 3-D topographical parameters were used to investigate the topographical characteristics of dry sliding surfaces for particle-reinforced aluminum composites on semi-metallic friction material. The experimental results indicate that the surface topography of the particle-reinforced aluminum composites can be divided into two types, the flaking-off pit type and the groove type. The composites whose surface topography is the flaking-off pit type possess superior heat conductivity and bearing area, lower wear rate, and higher friction coefficient than the groove type. Consequently, the flaking-off pit type surface topography is much better than the groove type for particle-reinforced aluminum composites on semi-metallic friction materials in dry sliding.     

Wear Resistance and Structure of Electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE Composite Materials

Effects of heat treatment temperature and time on hardness and wear resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings were studied. The results indicated that the hardness of the composite coatings as-deposited was lower and the mass loss (i.e. rate of abrasion) was higher, while the hardness increased and the rate of abrasion decreased with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The rate of abrasion was the lowest and hardness was the highest at 400℃ . The hardness decreased and the rate of abrasion increased with the temperature increasing continuously. Both the hardness and wear resistance also increased with the prolongation of heat treatment time, reaching their peak values when the heat treatment time was 2 h. The experimental results also showed that the hardness of the coatings decreased with PTFE quantity enhancing, but the wear rate diminished correspondingly. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the structure of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE composite coating as-deposited is amorphous, and it partly became crystal when heat treatment temperature was over 3000℃.     

不同刹车压力下C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

研究了粗糙层和光滑层2种不同热解炭与树脂炭混合基体炭/炭复合材料在不同制动压力下的摩擦磨损性能,且对摩擦表面与磨屑进行了SEM观察和分析,并采用X射线衍射与激光喇曼光谱测定了在不同刹车压力下摩擦表面的石墨化度.研究结果表明:C/C复合材料的摩擦因数由摩擦表面所形成的摩擦膜所决定,随着刹车压力的增大,摩擦膜更完整平滑,摩擦因数呈降低趋势,磨损则随刹车压力的增大而呈增大趋势;粗糙层结构C/C复合材料即使在高制动压力下,仍能具有较高的摩擦因数,显示出优良的高压摩擦性能;高压下摩擦表面会发生应力石墨化作用,这是高压下摩擦因数下降的原因之一.