泥浆沥清过程熵增物理机制研究

深入探索了泥浆沥清过程的物理机制，然后从理论上证明其过程满足热力学第二定律，最后发现：对于非孤立系统，可以把与系统有相互作用的那部分环境划出来与系统一起构成一个“新孤系”，其熵变有两种机制：一是系统与环境之间的热交换，热交换伴随熵交换，它可以使系统的熵增加，也可以使系统的熵减少；另一种机制是系统内部的不可逆过程，它只能使系统的熵增加．其总体情况是：在系统与环境的交界存在熵流，在系统内部存在不断往外“冒熵”的熵产生源泉——不可逆过程，     

阿奇霉素在鸡组织中的消除规律及临床毒性研究

探讨了阿奇霉素对仔鸡的临床毒性及其在鸡组织中的消除规律.阿奇霉素以0、50、100和200 mg/L的水溶液供麻花肉鸡连续自由饮用14 d后,测定血清生化指标、脏器系数,并进行组织病理学观察;同时,阿奇霉素按10 mg/kg的剂量连续对肉鸡灌服7 d后测定体内各组织中的残留量.结果显示,高剂量组肉鸡的肝脏系数和谷丙转氨酶活性存在显著差异(P<0.05),阿奇霉素在肉鸡肝脏中的残留时间最长,其他依次是肾脏、脾脏、肌肉和血清.表明肉鸡的肝脏为阿奇霉素的中毒靶器官;根据其在鸡组织中的消除规律,阿奇霉素的肉鸡休药期可定为15 d.     

创新多校区高校思想政治工作机制的思考

多校区高校思想政治工作面临着全校和校区间整体与局部的关系;校区与校区间共性与个性的关系;校区的过去与现在之间继承与创新的关系;校区分布与工作系列之间工作的“条”“块”关系。要创新多校区高校思想政治工作必须处理好这些关系,在目标上要统一理念、统一方向、明确重点,在内容上要继承传统、不断融合、不断创新,在方法上要应地制宜、应时制宜、争创特色,在环境上要相互沟通、优势互补、资源共享。     

WTO与中国-东盟自由贸易区争端解决机制的比较

中国—东盟自由贸易区(CAFTA)作为WTO协议最惠国待遇原则的一种例外,与WTO之间是一种协调及互补的关系。通过介绍WTO与中国—东盟自由贸易区争端解决机制的适用范围、程序、争端机构及时限,指出尽管WTO争端解决机制不是尽善尽美的,但其最显著的特点是其准司法性、强制性;作为具有强大生命力的新事物——CAFTA争端解决机制也还须时间的进一步检验,但如果能借鉴WTO争端解决机制的准司法性以增强仲裁效力的强制性,就更能发挥其解决矛盾的作用,维护中国—东盟自由贸易区的良性运转。     

三丁基锡对水生生物毒理学影响的研究进展

综述了三丁基锡(TBT)对水生生物的毒理学效应,认为主要表现在干扰海产腹足类的内分泌而诱导性畸变现象的产生,抑制微藻的光合作用和呼吸作用,破坏水生动物超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶等蛋白质的活性,对软体动物的DNA造成不同程度的损伤.同时,探讨了TBT的降解、伤害作用机制及研究前景等.     

Neural correlates of short-term perceptual learning in orientation discrimination indexed by event-related potentials

The current work investigated the neural correlates of visual perceptual learning in grating orientation discrimination by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) from human adults. Subjects were trained with a discrimination task of grating orientation in three consecutive training sessions within 2 h. While reaction times (RTs) were shortened gradually across training sessions, the N1 was decreased and the P2 was increased over the parietal and occipital areas. A broadly distributed P3 was increased along with more practices. In addition, the time course of learning reflected in the P2 and P3 amplitudes was in line with the changes of reaction times and exhibited a stable level during later training. The impli- cations of these results to the neural mechanisms subserving perceptual learning were discussed.     

When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.     

Inhibiting effect of melittin on pathogens of crops

The spectrum of antimicrobial effects of melittin were investigated on 19 pathogens by using a cylin-der-plate method with serial dilutions. Bacteriostatic efficiency and possible mechanistic effects were monitored via growth curves. The mechanism of inhibition was further analyzed by SDS-PAGE, flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Melittin had a wide inhibition spectrum and killed pathogens ef-fectively, and bacteriostatic action was influenced by factors such as pH and temperature. We eluci-dated three inhibitory mechanisms: melittin integrated with the cell membrane causing cell bursting and cytoplasm release, inhibited the synthesis of proteins and caused the cytoplasm to condense, and delayed pathogens in phase I (or phase G1) so that they could not complete the cell cycle. These re-sults suggest that melittin could serve as a broad-spectrum biological pesticide with fast-action and high-efficiency.     

陕西省企业信息资源集成机制的分析

介绍了企业信息资源集成机制的定义和要素,分析了陕西省企业信息资源存在的问题,结合集成管理理论,提出了企业信息资源的集成机制。     

知识产权的独占性与利益平衡机制

介绍了知识产权的独占性与利益平衡机制,指出知识产权的独占性与利益平衡机制是相统一的,提出促进两者和谐发展的建议。