水稻减数分裂相关基因OsDMC1的克隆

酵母DMC1基因是一个在减数分裂前期Ⅰ表达的减数分裂特异基因,其产物是减数分裂同源染色体配对所必需的,根据在酵母Dmc1与拟南芥AtDmcl中保守的氨基酸motifs合成的简并性引物,以cDNA作模板,通过套式PCR（nested PCR）和RACEs克隆了水稻中酵母DMC1的同源基因OsDMC1,OsDMC1全长的cDNA是1348bp,编码344个氨基酸组成的多肽（OsDmcl）,OsDmcl与Dmcl和AtDmcl的氨基酸序列一致性分别是51．8％和81．7％,OsMDC1在生殖器官中表达量较高,在根中有少量表达,而在叶和幼芽中不表达,Southern blot分析结果表明水稻基因组中有两个拷贝的OsDMC1。     

石油化工污水对小鼠性细胞及体细胞遗传毒性研究

应用小鼠骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)、染色体畸变及精子畸形试验。对石油化工污水进行遗传毒性检测。结果表明:(1)石油化工污水J、蓄存库水N及自来水S作用下,SCE频率与对照组比较差别不显著(P>0.05)。(2)S作用7、14和28天的小鼠染色体畸变率与对照组无显著性差别。J、N作用7、14天对染色体畸变率有一定影响,但其遗传效应不够显著(P>0.05)。当J、N作用28天时,则畸变率明显高于对照组 差异非常显著(P<0.001)。记明J、N引起的遗传效应与作用时间呈正相关。(3)S、J及N作用28天成年小鼠,其精子畸形率明显高于对照组(P<0.01～0.001)。揭示S、J、N对小鼠精子均显示较强的遗传毒性,且性细胞比体细胞更为敏感。     

褐藻寡糖抗三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导蚕豆根尖的细胞遗传毒性

采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验和染色体畸变试验方法,测定不同浓度的褐藻寡糖对As2O3诱导的蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率的影响.结果表明:褐藻寡糖能有效抑制As2O3诱导的蚕豆根尖细胞微核的产生,即在一定浓度范围内,微核率随褐藻寡糖处理浓度的降低而减少,但低于一定浓度后反而呈上升趋势;不同浓度的褐藻寡糖均可使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大;褐藻寡糖还能有效降低蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变率.因此,褐藻寡糖对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的诱抗活性和调节细胞分裂生长的效应.     

白木香染色体制片方法的研究

为获得清晰的染色体图像,应用改良去壁低渗法对白木香茎尖的染色体标本制备进行了探讨,并比较了2种不同预处理方法制片的效果以及不同的预处理时间对细胞中期分裂相的影响．结果表明,选取早上9点钟左右的茎尖,用w=0．1％的秋水仙素溶液预处理2h后固定24h,再用w=2％的纤维素酶和埘：0．5％的果胶酶混合酶液于37℃下进行2h的酶解,低渗后制备染色体标本,能获得分散良好、清晰的染色体图像．首次确定了白木香的染色体数目（2n）为16条．     

厦门港中华哲水蚤染色体组型

以采自厦门港中华哲水蚤为材料,采用秋水仙素溶液浸泡、热滴片、空气干燥、Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色等方法,进行染色体标本制备,并对厦门港中华哲水蚤中期染色体形态了作了分析研究,结果表明,中华哲水蚤染色体数目为ｎ＝１１,２ｎ＝２２,其核型公式为２ｎ＝１２ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｔ,对厦门港不同世代的中华哲水蚤染色体进行比较,分析并讨论。     

染色体条纹提取算法研究及应用

提出一种基于灰度阈值的染色体条纹提取方法.利用染色体内部的灰度差异,采用改进的Bernsen算法求取局部阈值;通过迭代二分算法进行染色体区域标定,划分图像的灰度等级,锐化图像;利用锐化图像的灰度直方图提取有效灰度段,获得准确的染色体条纹.最后,应用本文的算法对200张染色体样本图进行测试,试验证明本文算法所提取的条纹清晰准确、噪声干扰小,对染色体的分离算法研究有一定的指导意义.     

Primary investigation on GISH-NOR in cotton

Six loci of nucleolar organizer region (NOR) were detected in genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) of cotton (Gossypium). NOR was the characteristic of 45S rDNA but could be generated by genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from Gossypium species as probe. With twice FISH to the same mitotic cell of G herbaceum or G hirsutum, number, position and size for NORs generated from 45S rDNA and gDNA were identified largely similar or even the same. The NORs with gDNA as probe were therefore permanently defined as GISH-NORs. GISH-NORs from G hirsutum and Graimondii mitotic images were all terminal types. Four and two GISH-NORs from G herbaceum (var. africanum) were terminal and centromere types, respectively. Six GISH-NORs in G hirsutum were chromosome mapped with two in A- and four in D-subgenomes. There were also GISH-NORs in mitotic image of G raimondii with its own gDNA as probe. From mitotic image of G herbaceum with its own gDNA as probe, GISH-NOR could not be observed but non-wholerecovery of hybridized signals was distinguished. These non-whole-recovery of hybridized signals were detected on long arm terminals of most chromosomes and especially existed in nearly half long arm of a pair of chromosomes in Gherbaceum gDNA probed itself GISH image, which may be possibly induced by low copy genes within the regions rather than inter-subgenomic segment translocations. GISH-NORs in G hirsutum mitotic images were dominantly observed when gDNAs from D and A genome species were used as probes and block, respectively, but not when the reverse probe and block gDNA from the two diploid progenitor genomes were designed. There may be two speculations to this special phenomenon: rDNA concerted evolution; content of rDNA in genome D more than genome A.     

粗壮女娄菜的染色体数目和核型分析

本文对粗壮女娄菜(Silene firmaSieb.et Zucc.)的染色体进行了研究,结查显示,染色体数目为2n=46,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=46=32m 14sm,相对长度组成为2n=46=2L 22M2 16M1 6S,核型为“2A”型。     

甲基杀虫脒盐酸盐在小鼠体内致突变研究

甲基杀虫脒盐酸盐作为一种化学诱变物具有一定致突变性。本研究设计中突变的最低剂量组1/50LD50=4.48mg/kg体重,在小鼠骨髓细胞微核出现率中,与对照组比较,呈极显著性差异。因此,无作用剂量组应低于4.5mg/kg体重。染色体畸变的最低剂量在1/5LD50与阴性对照组有极显著性差异,染色体畸变的无作用剂量在8.95～44.76mg/kg范围内。