黄花蒿新品种“桂蒿1号”性状变异分析

为掌握黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)新品种"桂蒿1号"的稳定性和适宜性,为其区域布局和生产应用提供实践依据,本文利用性状平均值、变异系数、显著性分析等方法对黄花蒿新品种"桂蒿1号"9个主要表型性状的变异情况进行对比,综合分析该品种在不同生态环境下的性状变异。结果表明,黄花蒿新品种"桂蒿1号"在不同地域有很好的适应性,各地生长的各性状变异系数都较小,且不同年份生长的各性状变异系数也较小,特别是关键性状——青蒿素含量的变异系数只有0.643 1%。因此,黄花蒿"桂蒿1号"新品种在不同地方不同年份其各性状均有较好的适宜性和稳定性,特别是关键性状——青蒿素含量和产量均达到任务值的指标。     

非洲发现色彩最丰富的水果

据国外媒体报道,分布在埃塞俄比亚、安哥拉和莫桑比克等非洲国家雨林中的杜若属植物Polliacondensata高1英尺6英寸(约合45厘米)。它们披着绚丽金属蓝外衣的果实小而圆,被誉为科学界已知色彩最丰富的果实。这种果实的细胞能够反射不同颜色的光线,也因此拥有点彩派绘画作品风格的外表。点彩是印象派画家惯用的一种绘画技巧,通过描绘一系列点形成立体感。     

Methods for Population-Based eQTL Analysis in Human Genetics

Gene expression is a critical process in biological system that is influenced and modulated by many factors including genetic variation. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci（e QTL） analysis provides a powerful way to understand how genetic variants affect gene expression. For genome wide e QTL analysis, the number of genetic variants and that of genes are large and thus the search space is tremendous. Therefore, e QTL analysis brings about computational and statistical challenges. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in methods for e QTL analysis in population-based studies. We first present traditional pairwise association methods, which are widely used in human genetics. To account for expression heterogeneity, we investigate the methods for correcting confounding factors. Next, we discuss newly developed statistical learning methods including Lasso-based models. In the conclusion, we provide an overview of future method development in analyzing e QTL associations. Although we focus on human genetics in this review, the methods are applicable to many other organisms.     

山羊INHA和INHBA基因的cDNA克隆、序列分析及组织表达研究

分别提取处于同一发情周期的5只低繁藏山羊和5只高繁金堂黑山羊的卵巢、垂体的总RNA,并通过RT-PCR技术对INHA、INHBA基因cDNA进行克隆、序列分析,以Real-time PCR技术对其进行组织表达研究.结果表明:藏山羊和金堂黑山羊INHA基因编码区均长1083bp,编码360个氨基酸,两品种基因编码区有7处碱基不同,并导致3处氨基酸的差异;INHBA基因编码区均长1278bp,编码425个氨基酸,两品种基因编码区有4处碱基不同,并导致1处氨基酸的差异.藏山羊INHA基因编码区核苷酸序列与金堂黑山羊、绵羊、牛、野猪、小鼠、褐家鼠、人的同源性分别为:99.4%、98.9%、95.8%、88.6%、81.0%、79.5%和84.8%;藏山羊INHBA基因编码区核苷酸序列与金堂黑山羊、绵羊、牛、野猪、小鼠、褐家鼠、人的同源性分别为:99.7%、99.4%、98.1%、91.7%、88.0%、88.5%和91.2%.INHA和INHBA基因mRNA在两个山羊品种的卵巢、垂体中均有表达,但两品种间无显著性差异(P0.05).说明INHA和INHBA基因在动物进化中比较保守,与山羊多羔性状的相关性有待进一步研究.     

如何正确使用生物有机复合肥

生物有机复合肥料，采用有机肥料与无机肥料相配合，并伴有多种微生物，很受农民欢迎，效果较明显。一是能改良土壤理化性状，增强保水、保肥性能，提高持续供肥能力；二是能显著抑制棉花、瓜类的枯萎病和水稻纹枯病等病害，增强抗逆能力；     

Proteomics study of the effects of high pigment-1 on plastid differentiation during the ripening of tomato fruits

The chloroplast-to-chromoplast difference is a highly regulated process. Tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） high-pigment mutant hp-1 shows an enhanced accumula- tion of carotenoids coupled with an increase in the volume and number of plastids. However, how chromoplasts of hp-] acquire their specific metabolic characteristics is still unclear. A comparison of proteome profiles from plastids at the mature green, breaker, and red stages of tomato fruits showed 45 differentially expressed proteins. These identi- fied proteins fell into six different functional categories. Our results showed that most of the proteins related to the Calvin cycle increased transitorily only at the early breaker stage, and remained unchanged at the early red stage. We found 18 proteins that were differentially expressed between the wild type and hp-1. The abundance of GCPE in chromoplasts of hp-1 was higher than that in the wild type. Meanwhile, we found that heat shock proteins were only present specifically in the mature green stage chromoplasts of hp-1 but not in the wild type. This suggested that GCPE and heat shock proteins might play important roles in the accumulation of high carotenoids in hp-1. Overall, our results could be helpful for understanding chloroplast-to-chromoplast differentiation and the function of hp-1.     

金柑避雨避寒高效优质栽培技术示范推广

传统栽培的金柑（树冠不盖膜）果实在成熟期间久旱遇雨或冰冻就开裂，继而烂果落果，烂果落果率高达40％～96％，产量锐减甚至失收，只好在11～12月采收，售价仅2～4元／千克，而避雨避寒栽培（树冠盖膜）的无裂果，采收期从传统栽培的11l～12月延长至11～3月，采收期的拉长使果实优良品质得到充分体现，售价达6～10元／千克，提高2．5～3倍，保果增产增收效果十分显著。     

棉花海陆回交后代主要农艺性状的变异

中国棉花品种遗传基础狭窄,突破性的品种少;品种的纤维比强度低,难以适应纺织工业纺高档纱的需求;而海岛棉具有纤维优质、抗逆性强等优点,如何把海岛棉中的优异性状基因转移到陆地棉栽培品种中,要选育出比现有推广品种好的优质品种,必须从众多复杂因素中找出影响较大的因素后进行品种的遗传改良,这样才能有效提高棉花育种的效率。本研究应用DPS统计软件等,对棉花陆地棉系9与海岛棉新海16的回交组合BC4F2群体进行了农艺性状的变异、聚类和相关性分析。结果显示:1)在BC4F2代回交株系材料间存在一定的差异性和相似性,在田间进行选择是要注意农艺性状之间复杂的关系。2)有的目标性状基因已经处于纯和状态受环境影响较小,但是有的目标性状基因处于杂合状态比较容易受环境影响,此时进行单株选择是十分不可靠的。3)铃重和衣分、果枝数与铃数的同步遗传改良较容易也就是说控制产量各个性状之间的同步遗传改良比较容易。     

盘龙七生药学研究

建立陕西地方药材盘龙七的质量标准。采用查阅文献、野外采集标本、性状描述、显微观察等方法,研究盘龙七的来源、性状及显微特征。确定了以长圆柱形、表面具明显环节及须根痕,折断时有粉尘飞出,断面边缘具明显点状突起,气微,味涩、微苦作为其性状鉴别特征;以外韧维管束50余束,髓部宽广且含有草酸钙簇晶作为其横切面鉴别特征;以淀粉粒、草酸钙簇晶、螺纹导管、梯纹导管作为其粉末鉴别特征。这一研究结果为盘龙七的质量标准制定提供了生药学方面的依据。     

桃树叶片黄化防治

<正>原因:1.主要由栽植密度大、结果后负载量大、泥土酸碱度导致桃树根系缺铁或不能正常吸收铁引起缺铁。2.采果后修剪过重,果实采收后,重回缩修剪,地上部失掉大批的营养枝条和叶片,引起地下根系生长营养供给不足,影响根系对铁的吸收,致使地上部养分供给不足。3.化肥多,有机肥少。长期大批施用化肥,造成泥土板结,理化性状差,泥土贫瘠,结构不良,有机含量低,泥土活性菌减少,影响泥土养分的分解和释放。泥土黏重、通透性差,影响根系的生长。4.根系病害:桃树根系病害是引起桃树叶片黄化的