Force modeling for needle insertion into soft tissue based on mechanical properties and geometric parameters

The force model during needle insertion into soft tissue is important for accurate percutaneous intervention.In this paper,a force model for needle insertion into a tissue-equivalent material is presented and a series of experiments are conducted to acquire data from needle soft-tissue interaction process.In order to build a more accurate insertion force model,the interaction force between a surgical needle and soft tissue is divided into three parts：stiffness force,friction force,and cutting force.The stiffness force is modeled on the basis of contact mechanics model.The friction force model is presented using a modified Winkler＇s foundation model.The cutting force is viewed as a constant depending on a given tissue.The proposed models in the paper are established on the basis of the mechanical properties and geometric parameters of the needle and soft tissue.The experimental results illustrate that the force models are capable of predicting the needle-tissue interaction force.The force models of needle insertion can provide real-time haptic feedback for robot-assisted procedures,thereby improving the accuracy and safety of surgery.     

成型方法和热处理对Cu-Zn-Al合金阻尼性能的影响

论述了获得高机械性能和高阻尼性能的阻尼合金的工艺方法．从ＣｕＺｎＡｌ合金系中选择一种机械性能较好的阻尼合金进行试验,并分析成型方法和热处理工艺对合金阻尼性影响,结果是适当的成型方法和热处理工艺使合金同时具有高的机械性能和阻尼性能．     

反式聚环戊烯橡胶在轮胎胎肩胶中的应用研究

对合成的3种不同相对分子质量的反式聚环戊烯橡胶（TPR）用于轮胎胎肩胶进行了研究,结果表明：与使用天然橡胶（NR）及顺丁橡胶（BR）/NR并用胶相比,TPR硫化胶的回弹性、老化性能、耐磨性和低温性能优异,耐疲劳性能好,动态生热低,滚动阻力小,抗湿滑性稍差,拉伸强度和撕裂性能较差;TPR/NR并用硫化胶与NR相比物理性能有所改善,耐老化性、耐磨性和低温性能优异,回弹性、耐疲劳性及动态生热相当,滚动阻力小,有较好的动态力学性能。相对分子质量较低的TPR2具有较佳的综合性能,TPR不适合单独应用于轮胎胎肩胶,其与NR并用具有较好效果。     

淬火水温对2219铝合金锻环组织和力学性能的影响

采用室温拉伸测试、金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜等测试分析方法,研究淬火水温(20～80℃)对2219铝合金锻环组织和拉伸性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着淬火水温提高,锻环的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率先升高后降低.当淬火水温超过60℃时,锻环延伸率各向异性倾向显著增加,其主要原因是形成粗大晶界析出相.当淬火水温为40℃时,锻环具有较好的强度和延伸率,其轴向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为418 MPa、300 MPa和9.3%,径向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为420 MPa、300 MPa和9.8%,切向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为447 MPa、329 MPa和12.6%.     

镍基F105Fe粉末选区激光烧结试验

针对选区激光烧结金属零件致密度低、机械性能差等问题,分析了金属粉末选区激光烧结的工艺特点,讨论了扫描路径对金属粉末烧结成形的影响以及金属粉末直接烧结成形的基本机理.选用镍基F105Fe粉末进行选区激光烧结成形金属零件,采用扫描电镜、显微硬度测量、阿基米德定律等方法,研究了扫描路径对选区激光烧结制件微观组织、显微硬度和致密度的影响.结果表明,扫描路径的不同不会改变制件的微观组织,但对组织的均匀化和细化有一定的影响;扫描路径对制件的机械性能影响显著,变向扫描制备的制件显微硬度比较高,致密性最好,短边同向扫描制备的制件显微硬度最高.     

汽车轻量化技术发展趋势研究

为了降低汽车油耗,节约能源,抑制环境恶化,提升汽车性能,把轻量化材料应用在汽车制造工业中,减少轿车重量,是一种行之有效的方法。本文主要介绍了在汽车工业中引用轻量化的设计理念和一些汽车经常使用的轻量化材料。     

石墨烯取代硅，前景预测被批乐观

 石墨烯因其优异的电学、光学和机械性能被媒体称作奇迹材料,近年来吸引了众多科学家和大量科研资金的投入。石墨烯的发现更是获颁2010年度诺贝尔物理学奖。不过最近,IBM研究人员却宣称石墨烯的应用前景可能被夸大了,因为石墨烯本身的性质导致石墨烯研究存在一些障碍。     

Microstructure and properties of nano-TiN modified Ti（C,N）-based cermets fabricated by powder injection molding and die pressing

Powder injection molding （PIM） and die pressing were employed to fabricate nano-TiN modified Ti（C,N）- based cermets. The shrinkage behavior, microstructure, porosity, and mechanical properties of the samples with and without nano-TiN addition fabricated by PIM and die pressing were analyzed. It is demonstrated that for either PIM or die pressing, the porosities are obviously reduced, the mechanical properties are significantly improved after adding nano-TiN, and the hard particles are refined; the rim phase thickness obviously becomes thinner, and the number of dimples in fracture also increases. Compared the samples fabricated by die pressing, it is difficult for PIM to obtain dense Ti（C,N）-based cermets. Due to the too much existence of pores and isolated carbon, the mechanical properties of the sintered samples by PIM are inferior to those of the sintered ones by die pressing.     

几种铝翅片机械性能的测试与评价

为了优化空调翅片加工工艺．对5种不同的空调铝箔材料进行力学拉伸实验、杯突试验和弯曲实验,比较这几种铝箔材料的机械性能,分析力学性能、埃里克森值以及厚度变化值．结果表明：材料CC603W和A1200P与其他材料相比,抗拉强度几乎相同,延伸率较大,冲压性能优良,适合铝翅片加工;材料CC438820尽管抗拉强度较大．但延展性较差．不适于翅片加工．     

研磨对介孔分子筛SBA-15结构的影响

考察了研磨对经不同脱模方法得到的SBA-15介孔分子筛的结构的影响.用N2吸附-脱附、XRD、FT-IR、29Si CP MAS NMR等手段对样品的结构进行了表征,发现研磨对SBA-15的孔结构有一定的破坏作用,导致样品的长程有序性降低,表面积、孔容下降,孔径减小.同时,研磨增加了孔壁中的结构缺陷,机械压力使孔壁发生了收缩,壁中的小孔/微孔减少.对不同方法脱模的介孔样品,焙烧脱模样品的机械性能强于乙醇抽提脱模样品,研磨对其结构的影响较小,这是由于焙烧过程有利于孔壁缩合和紧固的缘故.