Hume-Rothery相形成的金属能带理论分析

本文应用金属能带理论对Hume－Rothery相形成过程进行了分析讨论，结果表明：Hume－Rothery相是不同晶体结构的第I布里渊区在与费米面接触时形成的，此时将发生能量的陡变，导致电子浓度的改变．同时也表明了合金结构的变化是服从费米能最低原理的．     

具有触滑觉功能的肌电假手

研制了一种可以感知触滑觉的智能假手.传感器采用有机压电(PVDF)材料为敏感元件,在传感器外表面贴有点阵状结构的橡胶表皮.当假手接触到物体时,传感器产生一个阶跃响应;当物体滑动时,导致点阵状结构表皮振动,产生交变的滑动响应信号.这样传感器可以检测并判断出触觉和滑觉信号.这种利用交变压电信号来判断滑动的方法,简单易行,反馈实时性高.实验表明,安装有这种传感器的假手可以安全地握取易碎或者比较柔软的物体,克服了传统假手的弊端,提高了仿生性能.     

Persistent organic pollutants PCNs and PBDEs in sediments from coastal waters of Qingdao,Shandong Peninsula

Thirty-one congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and 21 congeners of polybrominated diphenylethers(PBDEs)in surface sediments at 5 stations and one mussel sample from Qingdao coastal waters were analyzed. The maximum contents occur at the station near the Haibo River mouth. The total PCNs contents are in the range of 212-1209 pg/g dw, dominated by tri-Cl CN. The total PBDEs contents are in the range of 117-5510 pg/g dw,dominated by tri- to hexa-BrBDEs. The local sources of PCNs are likely from combustion processes such as incinerations and coal burnings. The sources of PBDEs are molecular diffusion from the materials containing them. Except for the area near the river mouth where is affected by the sewage sludges, an important source of PCNs and PBDEs in this area is believed to be the atmospheric deposition. Mussels enrich PCNs and PBDEs relative to the sediments. The total TEQs of PCNs in mussels are lower than the total TEQs of PCBs.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> synthesis of TiC reinforced Cu<Subscript>47</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>34</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>11</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript> bulk metallic glass composites

In situ synthesized TiC particles and β-Ti dendrites reinforced Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 bulk metallic glass (BMG) composite ingots were prepared by the suction casting method.The ingots with diameters from 1 up to 4mm were successfully obtained. It was shown that introducing TiC micro-sized particles into the amorphous matrix did not disturb the glass forming ability (GFA) of the matrix,while the yield strength and ductility could be well improved.The phase constitution, microstructure and elements distribution in the composites were studied by OM, XRD, SEM and EDS.It was shown that the in situ synthesized TiC particles acting as heterogeneous nucleation sites promoted the precipitation of β-Ti dendrites, resulting in the formation of the TiC particles and β-Ti dendrites co-reinforced BMG composites. The compressive tests were employed to probe the yield strength and ductility of BMG composites.     

Progress in the synthesis and reactivity studies of metallabenzenes

Metallabenzenes are metallacyclohexatriene complexes that are derived by replacement of one of the CH groups in benzene with a transition-metal fragment. Their synthesis and aromatic properties have recently attracted considerable attention. This paper summarizes the progress in the synthesis, aromatic property, and reactivity studies of metallabenzenes. We will describe the synthesis and reactivity of typical metallabenzenes with various metals (e.g. osmium, iridium, and ruthenium, etc.), the synthesis and structure of a recent reported example of metallanaphthalene and several rare examples of novel and stable metallabenzynes. Finally, the possible future developments in this field have also been suggested.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of the trimetallic erbium tetrahydride complex [Li(THF)4][{(ButCp)2Er(μ-H)} 3-(μ3-H)]

Reaction of [(Bu′tCp)2Er(μ-CI)]2 with Bu′Li in 1:1 molar ratio in THF at -78℃, after work-up, afforded the trimetallic erbium tetrahydride complex [Li(THF)4][{(Bu′Cp)2Er(μ-H)}3(μ3-H)] (1) by β-hydrogen elimination reaction. Crystal structure determination reveals that complex 1 has discrete ion pair structure. The anion is composed of three (Bu′Cp)2Er units to form a triangle array connected by three bridged hydrogen atoms, and the fourth hydrogen atom coordinated to three Er^3 ions. The coordination num-ber for each Er^3 ion is 9.     

Rapid synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for amination of ethanolamine

ZSM-5 zeolite was rapidly synthesized in system containing ethylenediamine from the initial gel: (5-8) Na2O:44 EDA:A12O3:100 SiO2:4000 H2O. The crystals were lath-shaped. The effect of pretreatment and alkalinity on crystallinity was investigated. The pretreatment of silicate source can cut down the crystallization time. Tuning the system alkalinity and controlling crystallization time can ensure forming of pure crystal.     

Study on the distribution of active centers in novel low Ti-loading MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst

Novel MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) catalysts prepared using a new one-pot ball milling method can effectively control the amounts of Ti-loading in the catalysts. Complex GPC data on polypropylene synthesized by these novel catalysts were analyzed using the method of fitting the molecular weight distribution (MWD) curves with a multiple Flory-Schulz function. It was found that multiple active centers exist in these novel catalysts. Detailed study of the effects of the Ti-loadings in the catalysts on the distribution of the active centers showed that the Ti-loadings in the novel MgCl2-supported Z-N catalysts might affect the proportion of each type of active centers; and might be the main factor responsible for the effect of the Ti-loadings on the microstructure, the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution width of the resultant polymer, the catalytic activity and polymerization kinetics.     

氧化铝上吸附平衡与动力学的分形特性

在实验测定氧化铝吸附氮气的平衡和动力学过程的基础上,由平衡数据得到分形维数,对动力学结果分别用欧氏几何和分形几何的动力学模型进行处理,比较两种方法得到的扩散系数之间的判别。结果表明：粉状氧化铝的分形维数为2．12;采用分形动力学模型得到的扩散系数同欧氏几何扩散模型的结果不同一样,扩散系数不随浓度的变化而改变;而欧氏几何扩散模型中的扩散系数随浓度变化发生改变,且变化符合Darken关系。     

高温催化燃烧技术及其核催化剂的研制

高温催化燃烧技术作为一项环境友好的能源利用方式下得到世界各国的广泛重视,催化燃烧器设计与燃烧催华化剂研制领域不断取得新进展。本文通过考察负载型Pd催化剂和烧绿石型复氧化物催化剂的物化学特性与催化反应动力学特征,探讨了改良现有催化剂体系反应性能的有效途径。