明代人情小说中的果报思想

佛教经历了中国佛化和佛教中国化的演变过程 ,加入到中国文化的核心部分而成为内区文化。尤其是“三世因果”和“六道轮回”的佛法教义与中国传统的惩恶心理相结合 ,形成了中国本土化的“因果报应”观念。在明代人情小说中体现为三种形式 :一是用“因果报应”说构架整个小说 ;二是借“因果报应”说惩恶扬善 ,劝诫世人 ;三是图解“因果报应”说     

Confirmation of pelitic granulite in the Altai orogen and its geological significance

The existence of pelitic granulite in the Altai orogen was confirmed for the first time by detailed petrographic research and P-Tpseudosection modeling. The pelitic granulite has the assemblage of garnet ＋ cordierite ＋ K-feldspar ＋ biotite ＋ sillimanite ＋ plagioclase ＋ quartz with some samples containing the paragenesis of cordierite ＋ spinel. Peak conditions of the pelitic granuUte determined from the P-T pseudosection involved P = 0.5-0.6 GPa, T= 780-800℃ belonging to medium- to low-pressure type. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon presented a metamorphic age of 292.8 ± 2.3 Ma. The discovery of pelitic granulite reflects an extensional environment with high heat flow in the southern margin of the Altai orogen during the Early Permian, which provides an important petrological constraint on the evolution of the Altai orogen.     

Inverse correlation between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia？

There is a scientific debate on the relationship between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia. Some scholars think that East Asian winter and summer monsoons are anti-correlated, and others think not. For this reason, this study is motivated to assess their linkage from the paleoclimate simulation perspective, through analyzing the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and mid-Holocene （MH） climate simulated by CCSM3 model. Compared to the present climate, the Aleutian low is found to be deepened and the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） is stronger during the LGM winter. The Pacific high in summer is noticed to be weakened and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is weaker at the LGM. During the MH, the Aleutian low and the Asian high in winter are intensified, and the Asian low and the Pacific high in summer are enhanced, indicating that the EAWM and EASM are both stronger than today. Therefore, the EAWM is not always negatively correlated to the EASM. Their relationship may be different at different geological stages. It can be obtained at least from the numerical simulation results that the EAWM and the EASM is negatively correlated during the cooling period, while positively correlated during the warming period.     

浅析有关晚清自开商埠的几个基本问题

自开商埠是晚清通商口岸的重要类型。清季政府批准开放数量达36处,按其开埠性质晚清的自开商埠可分为完全自开商埠和半自开商埠两种类型。但是政府的批准并不等于商埠的真正设立。在实际运作中真正设埠的口岸数量要低于批准开埠的数量。     

树型于世:《型世言》的社会价值取向

阐释了《型世言》树型于世的社会价值取向。《型世言》意欲通过树立忠臣孝子、贞节烈妇、仁义之士等范型,为当时道德失范的社会提供一种家国伦理典范,妇德妇行楷模及社会人际伦理标准的全面道德价值标准。指出作者苦心孤诣以文树型,正是在社会转型期的晚明时代,中国知识分子对社会深沉关切的充分展示。     

晚清国际法输入在中法战争中的实践

两次鸦片战争打开了中国紧锁的国门,晚清政府试图运用逐渐输入中国的国际法来改变被奴役的命运。在中法战争中,晚清政府将国际法作为对外交涉的工具,这是晚清政府对国际法的一次典型运用和实践。     

地方神明如何平定叛乱：杨府君与温州地方政治（1830—1860）

以发生在1855年温州府乐清县的瞿振汉起义为例来说明地方神明杨府君（杨府爷）与温州地方政治之间的关系。首先阐述瞿振汉起事的缘由，然后分析杨府君对事平之后乐清地方政治的影响。杨府君实际上是清廷和当地民众共同承认的决定性的政治话语形式。清帝国地方官员将杨府君用作抑制因瞿案引发的朝廷与地方社会之间种种对立的工具，而地方民众则将地方神明用作平息地方社会先前存在之对立关系的工具。     

论理查三世的美学价值

从美学悲剧性的角度解读莎士比亚的历史剧《理查三世》中的主人公理查三世的美学价值,其结论是:理查三世虽然是一个邪恶的人,但由于他具有强烈的悲剧抗争精神和超越自我的欲望,因此该形象显示出他的美学价值。     

吴宗濂：推动中西交流的外交官

吴宗濂是一位有作为的外交官，职业生涯跨越晚清与民国，在清末就提出应大力推广舞会，“以彰国体而结邦交”；认为外交官的服式关系到国体邦交的重大情势，因此需要适应国际惯例而加以改变，“以期便利而祛隔膜”；     

晚清科技奖励政策评析

鸦片战争以后,清政府开始转变对待科技的观念,主动学习和引进西方的先进科学技术,从洋务运动到戊戌变法再到后来的新政,晚清时期的科技奖励政策从萌芽到初步制度化,不断完善,尽管所颁布的各种科技奖励政策带有明显的时代烙印和局限性,但却对中国近代科技奖励制度的发展产生了积极的影响,甚至对当代科技奖励制度也有借鉴意义。