77K下Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8单晶Bi-O面的高分辨的STM图象

扫描隧道显微镜(STM)是一种新型的、不断发展着的表面分析仪器,能够提供材料表面的原子结构和电子性质等重要信息.用 STM 研究高温超导体已受到广泛的关注;其中研究得最多的是 Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8(简记 Bi-2212)单晶.因为通过解理 Bi一2212单晶能得到光洁的、在空气中和在真空下都很稳定的 Bi-O 面,便于 STM 研究.此外,现在已经一致认识到铜氧化物高温超导体的超导电性主要来源于 Cu-O 层.不过,以 Bi-2212为例,Bi-O 层也起着向 Cu-O 层提供空穴型载流子,将部分 Cu~(2+)离子变成 Cu~(+3)离子,使 Bi-2212变成导体或超导体的作用.因此,深入研究 Bi-O 层的结构和电子性质,对理解 Bi-2212的超导电性的来源是很有意义的.     

扫描隧道显微镜对氧化铁薄膜的观察

采用在溅射过程中加水蒸气的方法制备四氧化三铁Fe_3O_4薄膜。由扫描隧道显微镜(STM)对薄膜的表面形貌进行了观察。形貌随溅射时水蒸气的加入量不同而明显变化。小范围扫描首次清晰地显示出尖晶石(111)面,即结晶的择优取向。     

显微像面全息散斑照相分离术及其应用

提出了用显微像面全息散斑照相分离术测量裂纹尖端三维位移场的新技术，该方法用两张全息干板分别放置于两个分离的像面上同时记录像面全息和散斑图．由于记录散斑图的底片不受参考光的影响，因此可以获得高对比度的散斑杨氏条纹图，这为条纹图的自动分析处理奠定了基础．把此方法与放大技术相结合，测试了裂纹尖端约２ｍｍ２范围内的弹塑性三维位移场及塑性区．     

Self-assembled structure of alkyloxy substituted benzoic acid methyl ester on HOPG：An STM study

Self-assembled structures of 3,4,5-tris-dodecy-loxy benzoic acid methyl ester (E12), 3,4,5-tris-tetradecy-loxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (E14) and their mixture (E12/E14) have been studied on HOPG by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Dimer-like patterns induced by dipole-dipole interaction are observed in E12 and E14 monolayers. The molecules form close-packed rows and interdigitate with the alkyl chains in adjacent molecules. The structural differences are proposed to be from the different length of substituted alkyl chains. Owing to similar adsorption energy, phase separation is observed in the E12 and E14 mixed adlayer with different domains.     

Observation of contrast variations of a copper (Ⅱ) complex by scanning tunneling microscopy

This report presents experimental observations of dramatic variations in STM images of bis [1,3-DI(p-n-tetradecyloxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dionato]copper( Ⅱ） (abbreviated to C14O-Cu)physisorbed on HOPG as the bias voltage is changed .Several representative image patterns were obtained for the rich changes of the internal contrast of the molecule .Submolecular features of the molecular cores and the interdigitated alkyl parts are clearly visible.     

Study of β—amyloid adsorption and aggregation on graphite by STM and AFM

The scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) and the atomic force microscopy(AMF) have been applied to the direct study of the adsorption and aggregation of β-amyloid(1-42)(Aβ42)on the hydrophobic graphite surface.It was found that Aβ42 were preferentially adsorbed on graphite defects such as the edges.Aβ42 peptides self-assembled into intermediate protofibrils,which in turn self-associated to form fibrils.Usually,two or more fibrils intertwined to form the helical structure.These results will provide an important clue to studying the aggregation process of β-amyloid.     

H2/O2/Ar可燃气体激光诱导火花点火的实验研究

对H₂/O₂/Ar可燃气体激光诱导火花点火进行了实验研究. 采用Nd:YAG激光器产生的 532 nm激光聚焦击穿气体点火, 并采用激光高速纹影系统对不同初压、激光点火能量、氩稀释度可燃气体点火的火焰结构进行了流场显示. 结果表明, 气体击穿形成椭球形等离子体, 稀疏波与等离子体作用, 在等离子体迎光侧和背光侧分别形成一对反旋的螺旋环, 导致等离子体和随后的火焰面向内弯缺, 在等离子体左侧激光轴附近形成一个向外凸出的气瓣. 等离子体的高温气体诱导火花核的形成, 受壁面反射弱激波或压缩波的作用, 初始层流火焰减速. 弧形火焰阵面与壁面的作用及其与激波或压缩波、稀疏波等作用, 导致层流火焰向湍流火焰转捩. 对摩尔比为2:1:10、初压为53.33 kPa, 激光诱导火花点火的激光器最小输出能量为 15 mJ. 随预混气初压的升高, 激光点火能量越高, 降低氩稀释度, 会加快火焰阵面传播速度.     

Measuring radial Young’s modulus of DNA by tapping mode AFM

Based on tapping mode AFM imaging, a method was demonstrated to evaluate compression elasticity of single double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） molecules in the force region. With images under ambient conditions, Young＇s moduli of dsDNA in compression were calculated. Results demonstrated that Young＇s moduli of dsDNA can be simply deduced according to the proposed model. The method can also be used to evaluate the compression elasticity of similar soft nanomaterials.     

超高时空分辨光谱学

结合作者工作介绍和总结了超高时间空间分辨光谱学及其在介观体系和纳米材料超快动力学研究中的应用. 首先简述了扫描近场光学显微镜工作原理; 然后介绍了结合近场显微镜和飞秒时间分辨光谱技术获得时空超高分辨光谱的方法; 对其中的一些具体科学问题进行了分析; 最后通过几个典型的例子说明了超高时空分辨光谱学的重要应用.     

柴油流动改进剂对柴油中蜡晶形态的影响

采用偏光显微镜研究了自行研制的AVM系列柴油流动改进剂对蜡晶形态的影响.结果表明,柴油流动性改进剂的加入,使柴油中的蜡晶变短变小,阻碍蜡晶相互连接搭桥成网.柴油流动性改进剂的加入量根据柴油组成不同,都应有一个最佳点.对于不同柴油,柴油流动性改进剂中各组成存在一个最佳配比,这一配比下的产物降滤效果最好,微观表现对蜡晶的改善也最明显.大量的数据表明,柴油的蜡晶变化图像与实测的数据相吻合.