原油高温裂解生气潜力与气体特征

原油裂解气是高过成熟海相盆地的重要气源之一, 但对其生气潜力的评价及气体特征还没有一个明确的认识. 通过对塔里木盆地塔中62井志留系原油的连续热解与分步热解实验, 发现在C_1-5总气质量产率达到最大后(EasyRo=2.3%), 原油残余物的最大生气潜力为43.4 mL/g原油, 仅为初始原油产气率的12%. 结合动力学模拟结果, 认为该原油样品裂解的主生气期对应的EasyRo值介于1.6%~2.3%之间. 在封闭系统中, EasyRo>2.3%之后原油裂解气体积的增加主要与重烃气体的二次裂解有关, 并不是原油进一步直接裂解的产物. 实验结果表明, 原油残余物裂解气具有干燥系数大(> 92%)、甲烷碳同位素重的特征(介于-28.7‰ ~ -26.7‰), 与封闭体系中连续热解气存在明显的区别. 甲烷碳同位素分馏动力学模拟结果表明, 在一般地质条件下(2℃/Ma), 主生气期内(EasyRo<2.3%)的原油裂解气甲烷碳同位素远低于原油的初始碳同位素值. 本研究结果为高-过成熟盆地原油裂解气的客观评价提供了新的思路.     

晚期糖基化终产物对人肝细胞株LO2增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)对人正常肝细胞株LO2的作用.方法:以体外培养的LO2细胞株为研究对象,采用MTT法测定不同质量浓度(0、3.75、7.5、15、30、60 g/L)AGEs对LO2生长的抑制作用,应用流式细胞仪分析细胞的凋亡情况,RT-PCR分析不同质量浓度AGEs处理LO2后其IL-1β,TNF-α,HMGB1的基因转录水平变化.结果:当LO2细胞在AGEs质量浓度分别为3.75、7.5、15、30、60 g/L保温48 h后,细胞的增殖均受到显著性抑制,且抑制作用具有剂量依赖性.流式细胞仪分析发现AGEs促使LO2发生凋亡,凋亡率亦随AGEs浓度增高而增加.RT-PCR方法检测显示,AGEs使LO2细胞中IL-1β,TNF-α,HMGB1的基因mRNA的表达水平增高.结论:AGEs可抑制人正常肝细胞株LO2的增殖和诱导其凋亡,并能上调IL-1β,TNF-α和HMGB1基因的表达.     

Preliminary study on the living environment of hominids at the Donggutuo site, Nihewan Basin

The Donggutuo site, situated in the east margin of Nihewan basin, is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in China, characterized by the longest excavation seasons and the most abundant cultural remains recovered in the region. Based on well-constructed sporopollen, sediment grain size analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and iron oxide analysis of the 2000--2001 excavated section, four stages of environmental change in the Nihewan Beds are identified by the authors. The results indicate four major stages of environment and climate change from 1） warm and humid forest grass to 2） temperate and humid forest grass to 3） temperate and dry forest grass to 4） warm and humid forest, which is suitable for hominid occupation. The changes correspond to the stages of lake transgression and regression. The environment after the lake died out away has been cold and dry boschveld. The hominid activities at the site took place in the Early Pleistocene （1.10 Ma）, which corresponds to the early three environmental stages. Therefore, it can be inferred that the early hominids adapted to the relatively low lake level episodes through activities involving sporadic stone tool making, procuring of raw materials for tools, concentrating stone artifacts, and hunting and butchering. In conclusion, the results will be of great significance to research regarding the relationship between hominid occupation and environmental changes as well as the adaptive behaviors of early humans at the Donggutuo site.     

Mode of débitage and technical cognition of hominids at the Guanyindong site

Exploring and interpreting the mode of cognition and behavioral patterns of prehistoric hunter-gatherers is always one of the main goals of current Paleolithic research. In the 1940s, French prehistorians proposed the technological method for studying lithic assemblages which opened a brand-new perspective on the prehistoric domain. In the 1960s, French ethnographer and anthropologist Andre Leroi-Gourhan proposed the concept ＂chaine operatoire＂ and established the theory of lithic technological study. After the 1980s, the concept ＂chaine operatoire＂ was substituted for two different but complementary concepts： techno-cognition and techno-economy, which contributed not only to revealing the technical knowledge and know-how applied during lithic production but also to interpreting the technical behavior of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from social and economic viewpoints. The lithic technological study of the Guanyindong site, presented in this paper, was carried out for the first time by applying lithic technological method developed by French prehistorians to the Chinese materials. Our analytical results demonstrated that the debitage system of Guanyindong is quite distinct from the concept Levallois largely used in Europe, Near-East and Africa. The differentiation between these two debitage modes may contribute to exploring and interpreting the relationship in Middle Paleolithic between China and Europe, Near-East and Africa.     

Archaeological study of ostrich eggshell beads collected from SDG site

Ostrich eggshell beads and fragments collected from SDG site reflect primordial art and a kind of symbolic behavior of modern humans. Based on stratigraphic data and OSL dating, these ostrich eggshell beads are probably in Early Holocene （〈 10 ka BP）o Two different prehistoric manufacturing pathways are usually used in the manufacture of ostrich eggshell beads in Upper Paleolithic. Accord- ing to statistic analysis of the characteristics of ostrich eggshell beads, Pathway 1 is identified from these collections. In pathway 1, blanks are drilled prior to being trimmed to rough discs. They exhibit great potential for the study of the origin of primordial art and the development of ancient cultures and provide important data for studying behavioral options adopted by hominids in SDG area. In addition, they bear important implications for the origin of modern humans in East Asia.     

甘肃泾川更新世晚期人类头骨研究

甘肃泾川人类头盖骨化石发现于1976年, 1984年进行了简要报道. 但缺少遗址的同位素年代, 对头骨形态及演化特点的观察研究也很初步. 为进一步发掘泾川头骨蕴含的科学信息, 2006年对人化石发现地点进行了地层考察、年代测定, 并开展对人化石的进一步研究. 本项研究采用光释光法对泾川人化石出土地点进行了年代测定, 分别获得15, 48, 7.9 ka的结果. 综合地层考察、伴生动物化石、石制品研究, 测年结果中15~48 ka可能更加接近泾川人化石的真实年代. 人化石研究显示, 所比较的头骨大多性状在更新世晚期人类与现代人间无明显差异, 所以泾川头骨与现代人接近的形态特征并不与其较早的年代相矛盾. 同时, 对更新世晚期人类头骨测量数据的主成分分析显示泾川头骨分布位置偏离现代人主要分布区域, 除说明更新世晚期人类头骨测量性状变异范围较大外, 可能提示泾川头骨有一定的原始性.     

神农架大九湖泥炭藓泥炭α-纤维素δ13C记录的1000~4000 a BP间环境变化

神农架大九湖盆地位于典型的东亚季风区内, 是一个罕见的亚高山泥炭沼泽湿地. 该沼泽中心部位上部120 cm的泥炭藓泥炭层经花粉浓缩物AMS ¹⁴C测年表明其跨时4000 a. 根据C₃植物碳同位素分馏模式方程和苔藓植物光合作用CO₂吸收速率方程, 利用泥炭藓泥炭样品的α-纤维素δ¹³C数据, 定量恢复了研究区晚全新世湿度的变化过程. 结合TOC, C/N等指标分析, 发现1000~4000 a BP研究区环境变化的总体趋势是由暖湿变冷干, 在3000 a BP前后的气候特征发生显著变化. 3400~3200, 3000~2600, 2200~2000和1600~1400 a BP发生了4次显著的相对偏干的突变事件, 在全球众多记录中也有反映. 大九湖湿度记录指示的晚全新世东亚夏季风强度减弱过程与印度夏季风变化同步, 北半球夏季太阳辐射降低, 赤道热带辐合带逐渐南移, 是这一时期亚洲季风强度持续减弱的控制因素. 大九湖盆地湿度变化存在664, 302和277 a的周期, 可能与太阳活动有关.     

奥沙利铂联合紫杉醇治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的系统评价

目的系统评价奥沙利铂联合紫杉醇在治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,检索Corchrane图书馆临床对照实验库。结果共纳入6个研究,407例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,所有研究均报道采用了随机方法,均未详细报道（0.82-1.37）],III-IV度白细胞下降反应相似[RR 0.70,95%CI（0.29-1.67）]。TO与TP方案相比显著降低III-IV度恶心呕吐反应[RR 0.32,95%CI（0.22-0.46）]及I-II度肾功损害[RR 0.27,95%CI（0.12-0.63）]。无研究报道治疗相关性死亡。结论奥沙利铂与顺铂联合紫杉醇治疗晚期NSCLC疗效相似,含奥沙利铂的两药方案耐受性较好,更易为患者接受,可以作为治疗晚期NSCLC化疗方案。但由于纳入的研究存在选择性偏倚和测量性偏倚的高度可能性,势必影响结果的论证程度,期待更多高质量的随机双盲对照实验提供高质量的证据。     

河南省郑州西山全新世中晚期地层

在详细描述郑州西山砖窑黄土剖面和＾１４Ｃ测年的基础上,对该剖面土层的沉积年代和气候地层学特生进行了重建,将７０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来气候划分为早期和晚期,又把２期气候各划分出３个时段,描述了各时段的气候特征。     

萨拉乌苏更新世晚期的人类肩胛骨化石

内蒙古萨拉乌苏遗址的萨拉乌苏组下部原生地层于1980年出土一件人类肩胛骨化石, 文中对其进行详细研究. 肩胛骨所在地层的年代范围, 用TL方法测定为(70.9±6.2)~(124.9±15.8)ka BP, 该地层中较下部的一个层位, 用碳同位素法(¹⁴C)测定的年代为(35.34±2) ka BP; 铀系法(²³⁰Th)测定的年代为(44±7)~(63±3) ka BP; 红外释光法(IRSL) 测定的年代为(61~68) ka BP. 在对这件人类肩胛骨化石的形态学特征进行比较研究的基础上, 得出如下结论: 萨拉乌苏肩胛骨多数特征与各阶段早晚期现代人比较一致, 同时兼具少量尼安德特人的特征. 这可能提示萨拉乌苏人类具有同尼安德特人相同或相近的上肢运动习惯. 同时也可能体现了中国晚更新世人类与欧亚地区同时代及较早较晚各阶段人类之间的联系.