斜带石斑鱼TLR5S基因结构及功能分析

Toll样受体5(Toll-like receptor 5,TLR5)属于先天免疫系统中的一种模式识别受体(PRR),可分为可溶型和跨膜型2种.它可以识别病原体相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMP),从而启动信号转导.本研究从NCBI数据库中得到斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)可溶型TLR5(ECTLR5S)cDNA全长序列(Genbank登录号:GQ396667).其cDNA序列全长2 439bp,包括69bp的5′UTR,435bp的3′UTR和1 935bp的开放阅读框,共编码644个氨基酸,预测编码蛋白质分子质量为72.28ku,等电点为6.37.将ECTLR5S基因氨基酸序列与其他脊椎动物的TLR5S基因氨基酸序列进行比对,结果显示出很高的相似性,其中与牙鲆相似度可达69%.Real time PCR检测结果显示ECTLR5S基因在斜带石斑鱼不同器官中均有表达,其中在肝脏中的表达量最高,其次是脾脏、血淋巴、肾脏等.Realtime PCR检测ECTLR5S基因在哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)感染3,6,12,24,48h后的肝脏中表达情况,结果显示ECTLR5S基因在3,6,12,24h时表达量显著上调(p<0.05),而在48h下降至初始水平.这些结果说明ECTLR5S基因可能参与到斜带石斑鱼抗弧菌感染的免疫反应中,并且肝脏是其发挥作用的重要器官.     

绿洲水乡的塑造——以高台县城水系景观系统规划为例

以高台县城水系景观系统规划为例,阐述了位于我国西北地区——高原绿洲城市水系景观系统的建设,分别从水系的沟通、亲水景观的塑造、城市文化元素的体现等方面提出了具体解决办法,明确各景观节点功能定位,奠定了高台县城丰富多彩的城市格局.     

畜禽用复方微量元素注射液中铜元素在猪体内的药物动力学研究

目的:明确畜禽用复方微量元素注射液中铜元素在猪体内的药物动力学参数.方法:猪单剂量肌注畜禽用复方微量元素注射液0.3 mL/kg(铜210 μg/kg),24 h不同时间10次前腔静脉采血,火焰原子吸收法(AAS)测定猪血清中铜元素的浓度,采用3P97软件对数据进行分析.结果:铜在猪体内的药动学过程均符合开放型一室模型,最佳药时曲线方程为C=1.213 0 e-0.145 5t-1.213 0 e-0.885 9t.其主要药动学参数为:吸收半衰期(T1/2Ka)=0.744 1±0.213 4 h,消除半衰期(T1/2Kel) =5.097 1±1.385 9 h,达峰时间(Tm)=2.352 0±0.439 h,达峰浓度(Cm)=0.706 9±0.068 8 μg/mL,曲线下面积(AUC) =7.108 0±1.114 7μg·h/mL.结论:肌肉注射畜禽用复方微量元素注射液后,元素铜在猪体内吸收较快,消除也相对较快.     

Effective identification of the three particle modes generated during pulverized coal combustion

Based on the mass fraction size distribution of aluminum （AI）, an improved method for effectively identifying the modes of particulate matter from pulverized coal combustion is proposed in this study. It is found that the particle size distributions of coal-derived particulate matter actually have three modes, rather than just mere two. The ultrafine mode is mainly generated through the vaporization and condensation processes. The coarse mode is primarily formed by the coalescence of molten minerals, while the newly-found central mode is attributed to the heterogeneous condensation or adsorption of vaporized species on fine residual ash particles. The detailed investigation of the mass fraction size distribution of sulfur （S） further demonstrates the rationality and effectiveness of the mass fraction size distribution of the AI in identifying three particle modes. The results show that not only can the number of particle modes be identified in the mass fraction size distributions of the AI but also can their size boundaries be more accurately defined. This method provides new insights in elucidating particle formation mechanisms and their physico-chemical characteristics.     

Effects of dietary nickel on detoxification enzyme activities in the midgut of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera litura</Emphasis> Fabricius larvae

Nickel accumulated in midugt of Spodoptera litura Fabricius could induce the expression of metallothionein, one of the most important detoxification proteins in organisms. In the present study, the effects of dietary nickel on the activities of detoxification enzymes, such as carboxylesterase （CarE） and giutathione S-transferase （GST） in the midgut of S. litura larvae have been studied to get an understanding of the detoxification mechanisms of S. litura larvae to excessive nickel. Results showed that CarE activities in the midgut of the 5th instar larvae decreased at lower levels of nickel （≤5 mg/kg）, while increased with increasing nickel doses at higher levels of nickel （≥10 mg/kg） exposure in successive 3 generations. CarE activities of the 6th instar larvae were also characterized as inhibited at low levels of nickel exposure, and improved at higher levels in the 1st generation. CarE activities of 6th instar larvae in the 2nd and 3rd generations were all lower than that in control. However, GST activities in the midgut of the 5th and 6th instar larvae all increased with increasing nickel doses （1 --20 mg/kg） in diets.     

Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.     

基于数学形态学的医学图像自动阈值分割

提出了一种自动分割癌细胞图像的方法.该方法利用数学形态学开运算型边缘检测算子对图像边缘锐化;利用邻域平均与中值滤波方法平滑图像;利用改进的判别分析法自动选取灰度阈值进行图像自动分割;利用自动分割区域与手动分割区域的误差和平均最短距离对自动分割效果进行评价.用该方法对20幅癌细胞图像进行自动分割实验,证明了其对图像分割的有效性.     

生态建筑中的风井设计

风井是一种具有微气候调节功能的建筑空间形态,作为独特的生态造型元素,它对建筑自然通风作了最直观的表达,并有着丰富的内涵.在对其工作原理、形态分类及其设计优化措施进行分析的基础上,提出其设计原则,以避免建筑师将其作为抽象的"标签"在建筑设计实践中随意滥用.     

基于特征的箱体类零件数控编程技术

针对箱体类零件的工艺特点,提出了一种基于加工特征的模块化数控工艺设计思路,采用基于工艺知识的决策机制实现了特征加工方法链的智能决策.同时,考虑到对每种加工方法所对应的数控代码基本固定这一特征,提出了以工步为基本元素的自动数控编程方法.从实际情况出发,通过对现有的加工方法进行组织和分类,采用参数化的方式对其进行数控代码设计和管理,从而实现了箱体类零件的分层次、模块化数控程序设计,提高了设计效率,为数控工艺设计的自动化、智能化提供了一个新途径.     

四元数体上斜自共轭矩阵的几个定理

四元数是爱尔兰数学家哈密顿在1843年发现的.实四元数矩阵研究的主要难点是四元数乘法的不可交换性.四元数在众多的应用问题中存在广泛的联系,如四元数在量子力学,刚体力学方面的应用,在计算机图形图像处理和识别方面的应用,在空间定位方面的应用等.四元数体上矩阵的研究是四元数代数理论中的一个重要方面,本文研究实四元数体上斜自共轭矩阵的性质, 给出实四元数体上斜自共轭矩阵的定义.借助四元数体上的Schur三角分解定理和体上矩阵的运算,得到了斜自共轭矩阵的一些性质及判定准则,获得了斜自共轭矩阵的实表示、相似分解以及特征值的几个定理.