Knowledge-based bridge detection from SAR images

Automatic bridge detection is an important application of SAR images. Differed from the classical CFAR method, a new knowledge-based bridge detection approach is proposed. The method not only uses the backscattering intensity difference between targets and background but also applies the contextual information and spatial relationship between objects. According to bridges’ special characteristics and scattering properties in SAR images, the new knowledge-based method includes three processes: river segmentation, potential bridge areas detection and bridge discrimination. The application to AIRSAR data shows that the new method is not sensitive to rivers’ shape. Moreover, this method can detect bridges successfully when river segmentation is not very exact and is more robust than the radius projection method.     

基于伪群交叉算法的细金属柱体目标识别

从线性分布细金属柱体的散射模型出发,利用多极子展开技术求解电磁散射问题,以测量的散射场和计算散射场间的偏差作为目标函数,将待优化变量设置为描述细金属柱体中心位置的向径和幅角,通过伪群交叉算法(pseudo swarm crossover,PSC)对待优化变量进行优化,使目标函数达到最小值来对自由空间中线性分布的细金属柱体族进行电磁成像。研究结果证实了PSC比多相粒子群算法(multi-phase particle swarm optimiza-tion,MPPSO)有更好的收敛性能、成像精度和更强的抗随机噪声干扰能力。     

Parametric estimation of ultra wideband radar targets

Based on the analysis of impulse response properties, a scattering model of ultra wideband (UWB) radar targets is developed to estimate the target parameters exactly. With this model, two algorithms of multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and matrix pencil (MP), are introduced to calculate the scattering center parame-ters of targets and their performances are compared. The simulation experiments show that there are no differ-ences in the estimation precision of MUSIC and MP methods when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is larger than 13 dB. However, the MP method has a better performance than that of MUSIC method when the SNR is smaller than 13 dB. Besides, the time consuming of MP method is leas than that of MUSIC method. Therefore, the MP algorithm is preferred for the parametric estimation of UWB radar targets.     

声散射计算中的参数关联时域有限差分法

利用理想流体介质中小振幅声场是无旋场的特性,得到各振速分量之间的新的差分表达式,提出参数关联时域有限差分法(the Parameter Relevancy Finite-Difiefence Time-Domain:PR-FDTD).它不改变标准FDTD方法的时空离散和场分量配置方式,而是利用参数之间的新关系,通过特定的空间递推顺序,把所须存储的声场分量减少,最多可节省约33%的内存.以二维圆柱体和方柱体为例进行仿真计算,结果表明:PR-FDTD在节省内存的同时,计算精度与标准FDTD方法相当.     

用于不连续特征电磁散射计算的新方法

从有限实验结果出发,提出了半实测法,该方法通过合理假设和简单计算,可计算出更多、更复杂不连续特征的散射特性.其基本假设是带有不连续特征的平板的电磁散射可由各部分的散射按相位叠加而成,包括以下三部分:带有不连续特征的平板的散射是由不连续特征的散射与平板的散射叠加而成;多个不连续特征的散射由单个不连续特征的散射按相位叠加而成;不连续特征的散射与其尺寸成正比.该方法可根据有限的实测结果来预估其它情况下带有不连续特征的平板的散射,具有计算效率高、占用内存小、工程实用强的特点.通过对台阶板、缝隙板的半实测法计算验证,证明了该方法的高效性.     

基于社会势场的群体机器人聚集队形控制

将社会势场与基于行为控制相结合,使得群体机器人形成聚集队形,避开未知环境中的障碍物并到达目标区域.设置了两类阈值,以减少机器人在均衡位置的抖动,提高群体机器人向目标区域趋近的速度;提出了柔性社会势场机制,以提高机器人的避障效率.个体机器人根据局部感知自主产生队形控制向量,因此该队形控制策略具有良好的可扩展性.仿真实验表明了队形控制策略的可行性和有效性.     

Multi-dimensional scattering properties diagnosis system of scale aircraft model in an anechoic chamber

Aiming at the concept of ＂diagnosis＂, a simple and effective broadband radar cross section （RCS） measurement system is constructed, and some multi-dimensional scattering properties diagnosis techniques are presented based on the system. Firstly, a stepped-frequency signal is employed to achieve high range resolution, combining with a variety of signal processing tech- niques. Secondly, cross-range resolution is gained with a rotating table, and the high-resolution two-dimensional （2-D） imaging of the scale model is obtained by the microwave imaging theory. Finally, two receiving antennas with a small distance in altitude are used, and the three-dimensional （3-D） height distribution of scattering points on the scale model is extracted from the phase of images. Some typical bodies and a scale aircraft model are diagnosed in an anechoic chamber. The experimental results show that, after scaling with a metal sphere, the accurate one- dimensional （l-D） RCS pattern of the model is obtained, and it has a large dynamic range. When the bandwidth of the transmitting signal is 4 GHz, the resolution of the 2-D image can reach to 0.037 5 m. The 3-D height distribution of scattering points is given by interferometric measurement. This paper provides a feasible way to obtain high-precision scattering properties parameters of the scale aircraft model in a conventional rectangular anechoic chamber.     

基于偏微分方程的户外图像去雾方法

户外图像的雾化往往导致色彩降质和对比度降低,有效的去除图像中天气效果对提高视觉系统的可靠性和鲁棒性具有重要意义。根据大气散射物理模型以及有雾图像的色彩与对比度降质同场景点的景深成指数关系的先验知识,分别建立了户外图像全局去雾和局部去雾的能量最优化模型,推导了相应的求解偏微分方程。利用用户提供的简单附加信息,实现了仅从单幅图像恢复清晰图像的去雾算法。实验结果表明：去雾图像的色彩清晰度和对比度有较大改善,具有很好的应用前景。     

基于高分辨雷达的运动目标参数估计方法研究

根据运动目标的频域回波的特点，深入研究了一种具有多项式相位结构的运动目标回波仿真模型，并提出了基于该模型的多特征参数提取方法。该方法基于匹配傅立叶变换理论，依据频域雷达目标回波特征构造匹配函数，对目标回波数据进行匹配傅立叶变换，变换结果的主瓣坐标反映了目标散射点的距离及速度信息。大量的仿真实验结果证明，该方法十分有利于进行运动目标的特征提取。根据对仿真结果的分析，进一步给出了改进算法，使得在较低信噪比情况下也能够有效的检测出目标上的散射点的距离与速度参数。     

基于前视声呐信息的AUV避碰规划研究

在复杂海洋环境中,利用前视声呐获取的障碍物信息指导自治水下机器人（AUV）进行局部避碰。主要采用强化学习的方法对AUV进行控制和决策,综合Q学习算法、BP神经网络和人工势场法对AUV进行避碰规划。强化学习的方法强调AUV在环境的影响中学习,通过环境对不同行为的评价性反馈信号来改变行为选择策略。并且在环境发生变化时,AUV通过学习来实现对新环境的适应,不断改进其自治能力,进而实现在不确定环境下的避障任务。开发了AUV运动规划的虚拟仿真软件系统,仿真实验证明了算法的合理性与可行性。