黄条Shi贮藏挥发性化合物的研究

用气相色谱仪和气－质联机等方法对黄条Ｓｈｉ的腐败挥发性化合物进行了定性和定量分析。这将有利于对黄条Ｓｈｉ做一步的生化性质分析和制定其鲜品的国家标准。样品在２５℃贮藏５ｄ期间，测定了某些化学指标。结果表明在贮藏１ｄ后，鱼肉变腐臭，挥发性碱基化合物三甲胺和二甲基在贮藏中增加。在５ｄ的贮藏期间发现的挥发性有机酸包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸，并且它们的含量不断增加，检测出脂肪氧化产物和含硫化     

长春市大气气相有机污染物探查

采用石英毛细管气相色谱及石英毛细管气相色谱-质谱,结合低温吸附,冷凝浓缩等技术,对长春市大气气相有机污染物进行了定性分析。质谱经计算机检索,鉴定出了十一类110种有机物,色谱测定出了40种烃类的保留指数,绘制了沸点与保留指数的关系曲线。     

分子连接性指数预测有机物在水中的溶解度

MCI法是由Kier和Hall等人根据拓扑理论,在Randic分支指数基础上发展起来的一种新的拓扑方法.由于该法完全以分子结构为基础,并且具有计算简便、准确等优点,MCI法已被广泛地应用于有机物理化参数(如Kow,S),环境参数(如Koc,BCF)以及生物毒性的预测中.但是,当所研究化合物的种类比较复杂,不仅包括疏水性物质还包括有亲水性物质时,仅用简单的连接性指数往往不能得到满意的结果.非色散力因子(△X~v)是由简单分子连接性指数演化而来的.Bahnick等成功地应用△X~v对大量不同种类有机物的K_(oc)值进行了预测,张育红等也应用非色散力因子对部分取代芳烃对绿藻的毒性进行了成功的预测.本文对大量不同种类的有机物水溶解度采用MCI方法进行预测,发现简单分子连接性指数与非色散力因子同时使用能够有效地预测水溶解度.     

挥发性脂肪酸碳源生物反硝化研究

在悬浮污泥系统中，当ＰＨ、温度适宜，碳源无限制时，反硝化速率和耗碳速率动力学呈零级反应，当以挥以性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）为碳源时，异化反硝化的耗碳量接近于１．０７ｍｇＶＦＡＣ／ｍｇＮＯ＾－３－Ｎ。用于同化作用的碳仅占投加碳的一小部分，随着进水Ｃ／Ｎ的提高，污泥产率（ＹＮ）增加，用于同化作用的碳耗亦增加，出水氧化态氮降低。在ＰＨ７．５，温度２５℃，污泥产率０．７２ｍｇＶＳＳ／ｍｇＮＯ＾－３－Ｎ时，对完全反     

双掺杂LiNbO3:Fe:Cu晶体中的漂白效应及其非挥发性全息存储

首次观察到了双掺杂LiNbO3:Fe:Cu晶体中的漂白效应,并利用该效应实现了非挥发性全息存储.不同于通常的双掺杂铌酸锂晶体中观察到的光色效应,LiNbO3:Fe:Cu中的光致吸收率的变化呈现漂白效应,即当该晶体被紫外光照射后对可见光的吸收减少.基于这种漂白效应,提出并实验研究了一种新的记录方案以实现非挥发性全息存储.该方案包括两束相干红光的记录以及均匀紫外光和单束相干红光的固定等两个主要过程.实验结果表明,怍为一种新的物理机制,漂白效应可以实现非挥发性全息存储并具有高记录灵敏度和低光致散射噪声等特点.     

部分宾馆室内挥发性有机物(VOCs)的初步研究

采用预处理系统 ,色谱 /质谱检测器联用的方法 ,对广州市不同类型宾馆室内空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了调查研究 .结果表明 ,大多数室内总挥发性有机物 (TVOCs)浓度在 2 0 0～ 10 0 0 μg·m-3 范围内 .室内装饰材料不同 ,挥发性有机物的种类和浓度有所区别 .在装饰条件、通风条件、温度、相对湿度大致相似时 ,装修时间越短 ,浓度越高 ,其浓度会随着装修时间的增加而下降     

Self-assembled structure of alkyloxy substituted benzoic acid methyl ester on HOPG：An STM study

Self-assembled structures of 3,4,5-tris-dodecy-loxy benzoic acid methyl ester (E12), 3,4,5-tris-tetradecy-loxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (E14) and their mixture (E12/E14) have been studied on HOPG by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Dimer-like patterns induced by dipole-dipole interaction are observed in E12 and E14 monolayers. The molecules form close-packed rows and interdigitate with the alkyl chains in adjacent molecules. The structural differences are proposed to be from the different length of substituted alkyl chains. Owing to similar adsorption energy, phase separation is observed in the E12 and E14 mixed adlayer with different domains.     

Fate of secondary effluent dissolved organic matter during soil-aquifer treatment

The reduction of mass and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its fractions from secondary effluent during laboratory-scale soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) soil columns were studied. Reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm (UV-254), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and nonbiodegradable dis- solved organic carbon (NBDOC) for the bulk DOM averaged 72.35%, 53.98%, 97.49% and 35.33% across the soil columns, respectively. Using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins, DOM was fractionated into 3 fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), transphilic acid (TPI-A) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). HPO-A was removed by 61.06%, TPI-A by 54.86% and HPI by 74.95% as DOC as a consequence of the laboratory-scale SAT, respectively. The reduction of THMFP from HPO-A, TPI-A and HPI was 27.24%, 26.24% and 36.08%, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra revealed that the HPO-A isolated from the secondary effluent contained more aromatic functional groups than the corresponding TPI-A. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analysis illustrated that TPI-A had decreased hydrocarbon and increased aromatics content in the SAT columns. Specific ultraviolet light absorbance (SUVA) and specific THMFP for each DOM fraction increased across the soil columns and HPI exhibited greater increase in both than HPO-A and TPI-A. The most problematic THM precursor was found to be HPO-A with its high quantity present in recharged water and high chlorine reactivity.