二元合金非等温凝固枝晶生长的数值模拟

采用相场方法对二元合金的非等温凝固进行二维数值模拟.以Ni-Cu合金为例,研究了在不同热扩散系数和不同溶质梯度系数下枝晶的生长以及二元合金的溶质分布.研究结果表明,随着热扩散率的增大,包围等轴晶的热扩散层增厚,抑制了侧向分支的生长,从而使侧向分支生长不发达;其次,热扩散率的增大,使得溶质场扩散层也明显增厚,溶质截留现象不明显,但在溶质场界面前沿产生明显溶质偏析;当溶质梯度系数增大时,相场形貌厚度并不产生影响,但溶质场扩散厚度却显著增加,而溶质偏析程度得以降低.     

朊圆酵母尿酸酶的基本特性研究

研究了尿酸酶分离纯化条件和pH、温度、底物浓度、一些有机和无机试剂对尿酸酶酶促反应速度的影响.研究结果表明,用Triton X-100及巯基乙醇处理细胞悬液(pH 8.5),再用超声波处理破碎细胞效果最佳.硫酸铵沉淀尿酸酶的最佳浓度为75%.用Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B疏水层析和Xanthine-agarose亲和层析两步纯化步骤可获得理想纯度的酶制剂.在一定的条件下,尿酸酶的最适pH和酸碱稳定pH范围分别为8.5和5.0~12.最适温度为37℃;热稳定性较好,在50℃处理30 min时     

Differences between dynamics factors for interannual and decadal variations of rainfall over the Yangtze River valley during flood seasons

The prediction of rainfall in the Yangtze River valley, especially, during flood seasons is the main means for scientists in China working on and the understanding of rainfall-associated processes is a crucial component of this effort. It can be derived f…     

Temporal-spatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

Biological soil crusts serve as an important biological factor contributing to the sand fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the temporal-spatial variability of microorganism in crusts relating to locations, soil layers of sand dunes and seasons. At moss-dominated inter-dune areas, higher soil nutrient and water concentrations were likely to maintain the microbial activities. Bacteria showed the highest capabilities of settlement and growth in inter-dunes in both spring and autumn. Soil water content reached the highest value in soil crusts in the inter-dune areas, especially in spring. Variations of quantities of actinomyces and fungi basically showed the consistent trend in different locations of sand dunes. With the deepening of soil layers, vertical distribution of quantities of each microorganism group showed different characteristics because environmental factors fluctuated in both spring and autumn. Among different microorganism groups, bacteria were predominant, actinomyces the next and fungi the least in both spring and autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. The proportion of bacteria and soil water content were higher in spring than those in autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. No consistent trends were found in actinomyces and fungi. The results showed that the quantities of microorganisms were significantly positive correlated with organic matter content, soil water content, total N, total P, available P, available K, pH, electrical conductivity, total salt content,catalase, urease, phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.     

空气动力学中的数学方法

空气动力学尚没有统一的研究方法，本书全面地介绍各种数学模型，并给出这些模型的数值求解方法及一些计算结果。全书分为11章和6个附录。第1章理想流体的方程；第2章线性空气动力学方程和它的基本解；第3章亚声速流中的无限翼面；第4章边界元法在亚声速流无限翼面中的应用；第5章亚声速流中的有限翼面理论、举力面理论；第6章举力线理论；     

朊圆酵母Y0401尿酸酶的基本特性研究

研究了尿酸酶分离纯化条件和pH、温度、底物浓度、一些有机和无机试剂对尿酸酶酶促反应速度的影响.研究结果表明,用Triton X-100及巯基乙醇处理细胞悬液(pH 8.5),再用超声波处理破碎细胞效果最佳.硫酸铵沉淀尿酸酶的最佳浓度为75%.用Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B疏水层析和Xanthine-agarose亲和层析两步纯化步骤可获得理想纯度的酶制剂.在一定的条件下,尿酸酶的最适pH和酸碱稳定pH范围分别为8.5和5.0～12.最适温度为37℃;热稳定性较好,在50℃处理30 min时活性保持90%,在60℃处理30min时活性仍保持80%.在最适条件下,该酶催化尿酸的米氏常数(Km)为3.34×10-5mol/L.一些金属离子和有机化合物对酶活性的影响也进行了研究.     

Debaryomyces sp.甘油激酶基本动力学性质研究

通过平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,从105株菌中筛得一株甘油激酶的高产菌株,并研究了其所产甘油激酶的动力学性质.研究结果表明:在MES系统中,甘油激酶有较好的酸碱稳定性,pH稳定范围为5.5～10.5;最适pH和最适温度分别为pH 8.0和50℃,该酶催化甘油的米氏常数(Km)为3.5×10-5mol/L,催化ATP的Km为4.46×10-4mol/L.同时对一些金属离子和有机化合物对酶活性的影响也进行了研究.     

毛细管法研究pH值对放射性核素^152＋154Eu（Ⅲ）在紧密皂土中的扩散影响

利用毛细管法研究了pH值对放射性核素^152＋154Eu在紧密皂土中的吸附和扩散影响．实验结果与Fiek定律理论计算值非常一致，与近似条件下其他方法的测量结果非常相近，表明毛细管法的正确性．研究结果表明，放射性核素^152＋154Eu（Ⅲ）在紧密皂土中的扩散随pH值的升高而减小，^152＋154Eu（Ⅲ）在紧密皂土上的吸附随pH值的升高而增加，Eu（Ⅲ）在皂土上吸附的分配系数随皂土密度的增加而减小．皂土的密度（皂土的空隙数）对放射性核素的吸附、扩散和迁移起重要的作用．     

Feller算子下的空间分数阶扩散方程定解问题

讨论了用分数阶Feller算子替换扩散方程中对空间变量二阶偏导数后得到的空间分数阶扩散方程定解问题的求解问题，给出一个求解该类问题的公式．利用该公式及Fourier变换得到问题的解，并当α→2，即θ→0时，问题的解与整数阶扩散方程的解一致．     

一类超抛物型极限方程的非线性反应扩散问题

讨论了一类具有超抛物型极限方程的非线性奇摄动反应扩散问题.利用比较定理,研究了问题解的存在唯一性及其渐近性态.