固定时间扩张状态观测器下的四旋翼飞行器滑模控制策略

针对滑模控制中系统状态接近滑模面后存在的抖颤现象,提出一种基于固定时间扩张状态观测器(FTESO)的二阶滑模控制策略.首先,设计全驱动子系统及欠驱动子系统的控制结构中的二阶滑模控制器;然后,通过FTESO对内部的参数不确定及外部扰动进行观测,在一定时间上限内收敛到观测值,利用观测值对控制器进行补偿,从而减少甚至消除抖颤现象;最后,通过李亚普诺夫函数保证设计的四旋翼飞行器系统的闭环稳定性,并进行仿真实验.结果表明：文中提出的控制策略具有优越性.     

针刺麻醉与镇痛泵在肩关节术后镇痛领域中的应用及评价

以行肩关节手术的患者作为研究对象,比较和评价了针刺麻醉与肩峰下自控型镇痛泵对术后镇痛的疗效与安全性,指标包括疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、肩关节活动度（ROM）、Lovett肌力分级等,结果显示镇痛泵组的胃肠道不良反应发生率（7/64）、基础病复发率（4/64）,及总体不良反应发生率（16/64）均显著高于针刺组（0/70）(0/70)(4/70),在轻度疼痛者中,2组的VAS未见差异,但针刺组的ROM更大,在中、重度疼痛者中,镇痛泵组的VAS低于针刺组,但2组的ROM及肩关节肌力未见差异,说明针刺麻醉的安全性极佳,可促进术后康复,适用于轻度疼痛者及合并相关内科基础病的中、重度疼痛者。     

单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肱骨骨折致桡神经损伤分析

单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肢骨骨折具有操作简便、损伤小,尤其是拆除时无挠神经损伤之虞,故临床应用愈来愈广泛。作者所在医院自1991年起应用单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肽骨骨折26例,导致挠神经损伤4例,现将损伤之原因及的关问题分析如下：1．临床资料（1）一般资料4例,男3女1,年龄22－40岁,平均32岁,3例为车祸,1例为绞窄伤,均为肽骨中下段斜形骨折,术前无挠神经损伤症状和体征,术后有不同程度的伸腕伸指功能障碍虎口区障碍,松解术1例,取排场神经移植1例。保守治疗,按Anton神经修复后,效果评价的标准,优3例,差1例,随访时…     

中厚板平面形状控制中的GM-AGC系统

阐述了对中厚板平面形状控制系统的基本要求和提高中厚板成材率的关键技术内容,研究了中厚板平面形状控制ＧＭ－ＡＧＣ系统的基本结构,着重分析和研究了成形轧制阶段变截面轧制的控制特点,以及提高平面形状控制精度必须考虑的几个问题,对ＧＭ－ＡＧＣ系统应采用的改进措施。     

K 16Mn连铸坯热装炉轧制对轧材组织性能影舷

采用高温固溶加热法,在φ300轧机上模拟现场连铸坯热装炉轧制工艺,分别考察了K16Mn钢不同热装温度和开轧温度对轧材组织性能的影响.结果表明,热装轧制和常规冷装轧制屈服、抗拉强度相当,热装轧制成品塑性、韧性均较好.热装轧制工艺对K16Mn钢组织的影响,随着热装温度的提高,轧前奥氏体晶粒变得粗大,并且轧后组织混晶程度提高.这可通过提高开轧温度,首道次采用大压下量促使铸坯发生完全再结晶来消除.从而细化晶粒.改善成品组织性能.     

Electrophysiological research of synapse formation from beginning to maturity

The development of synapses is an important question in neurobiology. We employ patchclamp technique to record MEPCs and EPCs of myoballs inXenopus cell culture. The rate of EPC/MEPC is related with synapses maturation. Accordingly, we define the mature synapses as those whose rate of presynaptic membrane ’ s EPC to MEPC is more than 8. The process of maturation needs about 2–5 h after neuntes contact with myoballs. We divide the development of synapses into three stages: young, developing and mature. The neurotransmitters stack gradually and increase by hundreds of times along with young synapses growing into maturity. So the process of synapses maturation should include presynaptic membrane specialization, postsynaptic membrane specialization and neurotransmitters stack.     

Two tyrosines in CD3ε-ITAM are required to induce T lymphocyte apoptosis

CD3ε of T cell antigen receptor complex (TCR/CD3) plays an important role in the resembling of the complex and activation signaling through its conservative immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in the cytoplasmic tail. Previous study showed that a chimera molecule, consisting of the extracellular-transmembrane domain of human CD8α fused to the cytoplasmic domain of CD3ε, induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes, indicating that apoptotic signals were transduced through the CD3ε- ITAM. To elineate involvement of the two tyrosines in apoptotic signaling pathway, cDNAs with mutations at Y170F, Y181F and Y170F/Y181F in CD8-ε-ITAM were made by point mutation and PCR, and then cloned into pcDNA3 eukaryotic expression vectors. Stable expression cell lines were established after transfection of the expression vectors into CD8+- Jurkat T lymphocytes. Stimulation of these cell lines with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody showed that only the cells with expression of wild type chimera CD8-ε died by apoptosis, but not those cells with expressions of mutated CD8-ε chimera, indicating that the two tyrosines in CD3ε-ITAM were required for the apoptotic signal transduction in T lymphocytes.     

Effect of calcium ions on the secondary structures of photosystemⅡ and its relations with photoinhibition

Calcium ions play an important role in the oxygen_evolving process of photosystem Ⅱ as demonstrated in many experiments. The changes of the secondary structures of PS Ⅱ induced by the depletion of Ca 2+ were reported. The results indicated that the removal of Ca 2+ led to the transition of α helix to turns and sheet structures. While Ca 2+ was re_added to the media, only the structures changed to turns could be recovered. The protein conformational changes of PS Ⅱ during the donor side photoinhibition induced by the depletion of Ca 2+ were also studied. This showed that the protein conformational changes differed between the control and Ca 2+ _depleted samples in a short period of illumination (within 10 min). However, the changes became similar when the illumination time was increased.     

Third-order optical nonlinearities for lanthanum (Ⅲ) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline components

The nonlinear refractive indexes n 2 for the ethanol solutions of 1,10-phenanthroline (2.0×10 -3 mol·L -1), [bis(1,10-phenanthroline) lanthanum (Ⅲ)] nitrate (1.0×10 -3 mol·L -1), and [nitrato-fluoracil-bis (1,10-phenanthroline) lanthanum (Ⅲ)] nitrate (1.0×10 -3 mol·L -1) are first measured, the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ (3) and <γ> are calculated, and the mechanisms of the third-order optical nonlinearities enhanced by lanthanum (Ⅲ) are discussed preliminarily.