薄壁预应力管复合压电换能器径向振动分析

对带有薄壁预应力管外壳的径向复合压电换能器径向振动进行了研究.基于弹性力学理论和机电类比原理,建立了复合管压电超声换能器的径向振动机电类比等效电路,并得出其共振频率方程、反共振频率方程及有效机电耦合系数的解析式.探讨了换能器共振频率与其外部预应力管内外半径比之间的关系.实验结果表明:利用本文理论算得的复合换能器径向共振频率与实验测量结果相吻合,误差在5%以内.     

Identification of dynamic model parameters for lithium-ion batteries used in hybrid electric vehicles

An electrical equivalent circuit model for lithium-ion batteries used for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) is presented. The model has two RC networks characterizing battery activation and concentration polarization process. The parameters of the model are identified using combined experimental and extended Kalman filter (EKF) recursive methods. The open-circuit voltage and ohmic resistance of the battery are directly measured and calculated from experimental measurements, respectively. The rest of the coupled dynamic parameters, i.e. the RC network parameters, are estimated using the EKF method. Experimental and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed circuit model and parameter identification techniques for simulating battery dynamics.     

A study on equivalent circuit model of lead-acid battery for electric vehicles

A 100Ah@42V lead-acid battery package for electric vehicles are used for study. The hybrid pulse test is applied to the battery package to acquire enough data, by which the partnership for a new generation of vehicles (PNGV) equivalent circuit model parameters are identified by the least square method. Then, the PNGV model is verified under two conditions, i.e., the composite pulse excitation and the constant-current respectively. The corresponding maximum relative errors of output voltage are less than 3% and 3.5%. Results show that the present PNGV equivalent circuit model and verification method is effective, which can satisfy requirement of simulation of power system of electric vehicles.     

电动汽车锂电池PNGV等效电路模型与SOC估算方法

基于PNGV(the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles)电池等效模型,考虑了温度对模型参数的影响,提出了一种以电池等效模型的开路电压插值估算电池荷电状态(SOC)的方法。通过锂离子电池的充放电试验与HPPC试验,识别模型参数,然后使用Matlab/Simulink进行仿真计算。仿真和实验表明,所选取的PNGV模型精度高,能真实的模拟电池充放电特性,再结合开路电压插值计算电池SOC,可有效解决安时法(AH)估算SOC存在的累计误差和初始值估算不准确的问题,最终使SOC估算值控制在高精度范围内。     

锌空燃料电池电化学阻抗等效电路模型

利用等效电路模型可表示锌空燃料电池的理化过程,用于描述和解析电化学阻抗谱中的Nyquist图,但已有模型未能综合考虑阴阳极的阻抗分布。该文为区分阴阳极阻抗,提出了一种可解析阴阳极阻抗的全电池电化学阻抗模型和忽略阳极影响的简化模型。在研究电池结构参数、性能衰减、储存条件、锌电极中导电剂、空气电极结构变化对阻抗影响的实验中,验证了模型的正确性,模型拟合实验数据时卡方检验的结果均小于0.01,并应用模型解析出的电阻值分析了阻抗变化的作用机理。该模型对金属空气电池的研究具有一定意义。     

基于改进粒子滤波算法的动力锂离子电池荷电状态估计

传统电池荷电状态(SOC)估计中常用的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)方法仅适用于线性系统和高斯条件,虽然粒子滤波(PF)算法能用于非线性和非高斯系统,但PF算法在滤波更新时存在粒子退化现象,使粒子集无法表示实际后验概率分布,导致估计精度降低.采用改进的扩展粒子滤波(EPF)和无迹粒子滤波(UPF)算法对电池SOC进行估计,抑制了粒子权重退化.以Thevenin模型对电池进行建模,利用带遗忘因子的最小二乘方法进行模型参数辨识,结合改进后的滤波算法对电池SOC进行估计.实验结果表明,以UKF为建议密度函数进行重采样的UPF方法平均估计误差为0.71%,低于以EKF为建议密度函数的EPF方法平均误差(1.09%),两种方法的估计误差均小于PF估计误差(1.36%),有效抑制了粒子权重退化.     

基本放大电路微变等效电路的画法及动态参数分析

为降低学生学习晶体管放大电路的分析这一知识的难度,提出了画放大电路微变等效电路的"三线四点法",总结了微变等效电路的画图步骤,按此步骤可画出形式规范的电路并有利于继续分析计算动态参数。详细总结了动态参数的分析步骤和推导过程。为增加学习过程的可视性并激发学生的学习兴趣,应用Multisim电路仿真和设计软件仿真验证动态参数纯理论分析的正确性及可行性。本方法不仅适用于分析基本放大电路,也适用于分析其他较复杂的放大电路。     

染料敏化太阳电池的光生电流对短路电流的影响

等效电路分析和实验结果证实,染料敏化太阳电池的光生电流显著地影响着电池电压-电流曲线中的短路电流.首先根据等效电路分析,得出了染料敏化太阳电池的光生电池值,以及理论上光生电流对短路电流的影响.进一步的电池制备和效率测试,证明了上述的理论计算论断.最后,根据光生电流与短路电流的关系,本文提出了通过提高光生电流来提高短路电流,最终提高染料敏化太阳电池效率的思路,并按照上述思路得到了电池效率提升20%的试验结果.     

Circuit-level simulation of the hysteresis inversion frequency of the ferroelectric liquid crystals

The V-shaped electro-optical properties control is investigated by an equivalent circuit model.Simu- lation results show that genuine V-shaped form is only observed at hysteresis inversion frequency,and be- low and above this frequency an anomalous and normal hysteresis are observed.And the inversion fre- quency decreases with the resistance of ferroelectric liquid crystal(FLC)layer following logf_i=- alogR_(LC)+b .The results are in good accordance with the reported experimental results.     

基于压控单元的单电子晶体管宏模型

在对纳米遂穿结(SETJ)及单电子晶体管(SET)的特性进行分析的基础上,笔者采用等效电路的方法,提出了基于压控单元的SET宏模型,仿真得到单电子晶体管的特性曲线.通过器件仿真的输出特性曲线与理想特性曲线的对比,得出曲线的走势与理想曲线基本一致,偏差不大.并且通过计算表明,数值的精度在合理范围内,验证了模型的合理性.