家蚕血液中微粒子Nosema bombycis种群增殖模型研究

为了进一步认识家蚕微粒子病在生产中的流行规律，提高防微工作的科学性，利用微生态学方法对家蚕微粒子进行了研究，通过对蚕体血液内子NosemaBombycis种群数量的动态分析，认识了NosemaBombycis孢子在蚕体血液内的增殖规律，为家蚕微粒子病的防治以及预测预报等工作提供科学的依据，从而指导生产实践，找出最优的防治方案及措施，力争把该病的危害控制在最低限度。     

遗传指纹图谱技术对微生物群落的分析

微生物培养技术无法获得自然生境中99％以上的微生物，而可培养的微生物也仅提供极少的形态学线索，鉴定和生理学特性经常是模糊的。分子生物学技术对不可培养微生物的研究，开启了探索微生物多样性和新资源的大门。DNA杂交、rRNA分子标记测序等已经成为研究分子微生物生态学的常规手段，可以鉴定和描述微生物群落的种群，但却不适于探索微生物复杂群落的动力学。遗传指纹图谱技术允许同时进行多样本的分析，可比较不同生境和随时间变化的微生物群落行为，是传统手段的有力补充。     

图书馆藏书中微生物的研究

研究了微生物在图书馆藏书中的基本分布,结果表明:污染图书资料的主要优势菌为霉菌,其次为细菌。楼层不同,人流量不同,微生物的数量相差较大。     

^210Pbex depth distribution in soil and calibration models for assessment of soil erosion rates from ^210Pbex measurements

Throughout the past decade, the potential for using nuclear weapon-produced 137Cs ( half-life 30.2 a) fallout to quantify soil erosion rates on both cultivated and uncul- tivated lands for medium-term timescales (≈ 40 a) has been successfully demonstrated in a wide range of envi- ronments in different regions of the world[1—6]. Because in difficulties of distinguishing Chernobyl-derived compo- nent from total 137Cs input in many parts of Europe, and in measuring low activity samples of…     

Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

Pt／C电催化剂碳载体热处理条件和性能研究

采用浸溃还原法，优化碳载体热处理条件，制备出具有高分散性、平均粒径为3．3nm的Pt／C电催化剂．通过TEM、XRD方法对催化剂进行结构表征；利用Pt／C薄膜电极结合CV法评价了电催化剂的性能，测试结果表明，采用Vulcan XC-72碳黑，在600℃下、氮气(或氩气)中进行热处理，所制得的Pt／C电催化剂对氧还原反应具有良好的电催化活性。     

白腐菌在秸秆堆肥化中的应用

提出了处理农作物秸秆的堆肥化方法，分析了在堆肥中加入微生物白腐菌的可行性，并对白腐菌的适宜培养条件和堆肥的堆腐条件进行了阐述。     

微生物的筛选

采用筛选试验方法，从含有大量微生物菌群的土壤、活性污泥等试样中筛选出多种具有产絮效果的菌种，其中Y5效果最好。试验表明，当培养基初始PH值为5．5，培养时间为65h时，Y5菌液上清波对土壤悬浊液的絮凝率最好。     

脲酶高产菌的筛选和产酶条件的研究

从红壤稻田分离产胞外脲酶活性高的细菌、放线菌和真菌各20株.细菌、放线菌、真菌产脲酶活力的平均值分别为0.764,1.104,0.847μmol/min.产脲酶能力大小为:放线菌>真菌>细菌.我们研究了一株放线菌Dactylosprangiumaurantiacum产胞外脲酶的条件.结果表明:该菌产酶的最佳培养时间为42h;产酶的最佳培养温度为28℃;产酶的最佳起始pH为7;葡萄糖、鼠李糖和甘露糖等碳源对产酶有利;硝酸铵、氯化铵和硫酸铵对产酶有利;钙、镁等金属离子能促进产酶.     

生物修复概述及国内外研究进展

重点从微生物与植物的角度阐述了生物修复的概念与类型，分析了微生物、植物在生物修复中所起的作用及近年来来国内外在生物修复研究方面所取得的进展，评价了生物修复特别是植物修复所具有的优势，也指出了生物修复的缺点与不足．