外科手术能降低肥胖症的死亡率

虽然迄今还没有设置一个针对肥胖病学的临床专业,但是如果全世界肥胖病趋势持续增加,那么这个专业很快就会成为必需。不过,肥胖症的确可以通过外科手术进行治疗,手术方法包括胃束带法等多种在胃部施行的手术操作过程。外科手术通常是最后的手段,并且根据指导方针,如果患者体重系数（简称BMI,计算方法是体重除以身高的平方,体重的单位为千克,身高的单位为米）低于40,则不能采用外科手术治疗。肥胖定义为BMI大于等于30。     

An effective algorithm for needle tip displacement compensation in robot-assisted percutaneous surgery

This paper presents an automatic compensation algorithm for needle tip displacement in order to keep the needle tip always fixed at the skin entry point in the process of needle orientation in robot-assisted percutaneous surgery.The algorithm, based on a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) robot wrist (not the mechanically constrained remote center of motion (RCM) mechanism) and a 3-DOF robot arm, firstly calculates the needle tip displacement caused by rotational motion of robot wrist in the arm coordinate frame using the robotic forward kinematics, and then inversely compensates for the needle tip displace-ment by real-time Cartesian motion of robot arm.The algorithm achieves the function of the RCM and eliminates many mechanical and virtual constraints caused by the RCM mechanism.Experimental result demonstrates that the needle tip displacement is within 1 mm in the process of needle orientation.     

速眠新Ⅱ对幼龄贵州小型猪外科手术中的应用研究

目的研究速眠新Ⅱ在贵州小型猪幼龄猪外科手术中的麻醉效果和应用。方法将30头贵州小型猪幼龄猪分成两组,A组用速眠新Ⅱ0.15 mL/kg肌注麻醉;B组用0.1 mL/kg速眠新Ⅱ与3.5%戊巴比妥钠生理盐水溶液0.5 mL/kg同时肌注麻醉。两组动物均进行腭裂造模术及腭裂修补术、器官切除术、腹腔探察术、清创术等手术。观察两组动物的麻醉诱导期、维持期、苏醒期及动物的体温、呼吸频率、心率变化。结果A、B两组的诱导期分别为(7.67±5.20)min、(3.58±3.20)min;维持期分别为(40.17±4.96)min(、60.50±17.3)min;苏醒期分别为(7.00±2.45)min(、56.27±33.60)min。体温变化:A组先下降,后上升;B组总体持续下降。两组动物呼吸频率和心率平稳。结论速眠新Ⅱ用于幼龄贵州小型猪外科手术中的麻醉、镇痛和镇静及肌松效果良好、与戊巴比妥钠复合麻醉效果良好。     

钬激光切开结合扩张治疗尿道狭窄11例报告

目的 探讨尿道狭窄微创技术的临床价值.方法 采用输尿管镜下钬激光切开结合筋膜扩张器扩张手术治疗11例.结果 手术均获得成功,手术简单无术中及术后并发症.排尿通畅,再狭窄机会减少.结论 钬激光创伤小,手术切开效果好,切开前先行扩张有利于切割,提高了手术成功率.完全闭锁且闭锁段长者采用逆行、顺行切开是手术成功的关键.     

先天性心脏病患儿术后感染的预防和护理

先天性心脏病手术是一项高难度的手术,术后感染是个重要问题.该研究建立了一整套消毒隔离制度,严格遵守无菌操作原则,预防介入性导管感染,定期做导管细菌学培养监测,与呼吸道接触的管道做二次消毒法,并采用I.C.U空气消毒法.静脉输液现用现配 ,严格选择抗生素.该研究实用性强,效果显著,具有很大的经济效益和社会效益.     

The dimensional accuracy of preparation of femoral cavity in cementless total hip arthroplasty

Objective: To observe the accuracy of femoral preparation and the position of the cementless prosthesis in femoral cavity, and to compare the results between the computer-assisted surgical group (CASPAR) and the conventional group. Methods: Ten femoral components were implanted either manually or by CASPAR in cadaver femurs. The specimens were cut to 3mm thick slices. Microradiograms of every slice were sent to a computer for analysis with special software (IDL). The gaps and the medullary cavities between component and bone, the direct bone contact area of the implant surface, the gap width and the percentage of gap and bone contact area were measured in every slice. Results: In the proximal implant coated with HA of the CASPAR group, the average percentage of bone contact reached 93.2% (ranging from 87.6% to 99.7%); the average gap percentage was 2.9% (ranging from 0.3% to 7.8%); the maximum gap width was 0.81mm and the average gap width was only 0.20mm. While in the conventional group, the average percentage of bone contact reached 60.1% (ranging from 49.2% to 70.4%); the average gap percentage was 32.8% (ranging from 25.1% to 39.9%); the maximum gap width was 2.97mm and the average gap width was 0.77mm. The average gap around the implant in the CASPAR group was only 9% of that in the manual group; the maximum and average gap widths were only about 26% of those in the manual group. On the other hand, the CASPAR group showed 33% higher bone contact than the manual group. Conclusion: With the use of robotics-assisted system, significant progress can be achieved for femoral preparation in total hip arthroplasty.     

虚拟医学的探索之路——记香港中文大学虚拟现实、可视化与图像处理研究中心

一张张人体断层薄片，瞬间便组成了一具具最精密的立体虚拟人；深奥的传统临床针灸技术，在计算机的平台上，穴位皆能可视，针剌的触觉亦能仿真；未满师的年轻外科手术学生，操刀时不必再担心黏稠稠的血液沾湿外袍。在这里，各种外科手术：解剖、撕裂、缝合、内窥、微创等，无不精密细致，得心应手。这就是香港中文大学虚拟现实、可视化与图像外理研究中心所演示的“虚拟可视人”外科手术方式。     

经阴道子宫系列手术的临床分析

目的:探讨经阴道子宫系列手术的临床分析.方法:经阴道行全子宫切除,子宫肌瘤剔除术,附件切除43例.随机选择同期住院开腹手术33例.进行手术时间,术中出血量,术后盆腔感染率,术后住院天数.术后排气时间进行比较.结果经阴道子宫系列手术组,具有术后住院天数短,术后排气时间低于开腹手术组.结论:经阴道子宫系列手术创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,只要正确掌握手术适应证,这是一种安全可行的微创手术方法.