模糊综合评判和层次分析法在高校教学评价中的应用

教师课堂教学质量评价是高校教学质量管理的重要环节,它对提高教学效果有积极的作用.本文针对评价的模糊性,提出了模糊综合评判和层次分析法相结合的方法,合理地确定了评价指标的权重,减少了评价中的主观影响,提高了评价的准确性、公正性.     

Approach to Weighted Geometric Evaluation Based on Projection Pursuit

Weighted geometric evaluation approach based on Projection pursuit （PP） model is presented in this paper to optimize the choice of schemes. By using PP model, the multi-dimension evaluation index values of schemes can be synthesized into projection value with one dimension. The scheme with a bigger projection value is much better, so the schemes sample can be an optimized choice according to the projection value of each scheme. The modeling of PP based on accelerating genetic algorithm can predigest the realized process of projection pursuit technique, can overcome the shortcomings of large computation amount and the difficulty of computer programming in traditional projection pursuit methods, and can give a new method for application of projection pursuit technique to optimize choice of schemes by using weighted geometric evaluation. The analysis of an applied sample shows that applying PP model driven directly by samples data to optimize choice of schemes is both simple and feasible, that its projection values are relatively decentralized and profit decision-making, that its applicability and maneuverability are high. It can avoid the shortcoming of subjective weighing method, and its results are scientific and objective.     

四聚1，3．二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮冠醚衍生物的合成

以二（碘乙基）醚与4,5．二氰乙硫基-1，3．二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮为起始原料，采用氰乙基保护与脱保护技术，通过多步缩合反应以较好的收率合成了含4个1，3．二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮并硫杂36冠-12（5），给出了目标化合物的有效合成方法，并用1HNMR，MS和EA对其进行了表征．     

一类广义集值φ-强增生型变分包含问题解的存在性与迭代逼近

研究Banach空间中一类广义集值φ-强增生型变分包含问题，在实的q-一致光滑Banach空间中，证明了这类变分包含问题解的存在唯一性及其Mann迭代程序的收敛性，所得结果推广了最近文献的一些结果．     

基于模糊集μ_X~R的α-截集和强β-截集的粗近似

研究了基于模糊集μXR的α-截集和强β-截集的粗近似问题,提出了(α,β)-粗糙集模型,讨论了粗糙近似算子的一些重要性质,给出了粗糙度和近似精度的定义和性质,证明了该模型比Pawlak粗糙集模型具有更好的精度.     

论立法程序的公正性

立法程序是否公正影响到所制定法律的公正性。公正的程序体现为程序的民主性、控权性、参与性和公开性。民主的程序必须反映大多数人的意志,维护大多数人的利益。程序本身就是对权力的控制和规范。程序的设置及其运行都反映着对权力的规范和制约。参与性是指应当保障那些权力可能受到程序影响的人有充分的机会和有效的途径参与程序的过程,并对程序的结果发挥有效的影响和作用。公开性包括立法信息和资料的公开,议事过程的公开,立法活动的时间、地点和事项的公开。     

A local positive feedback of the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system on interdecadal timescales

SINCE THE 1990S, THE CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ON INTERDE- CADAL TIME SCALES BECAME THE FOCUS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATOLOGY RESEARCH MISSIONS[1―3]. ON TIME SCALES OF A DECADE OR MORE, THE OCEAN CIRCULATION PREDOMINATEDHEAT BALANCE AND HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, S…     

Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of eolian dust of the arid-semiarid areas in China： Implications for loess provenance and monsoon evolution

Strontium (Sr) is a divalent alkaline earth element. Its ionic radius (0.113 nm) is slightly larger than that of calcium (0.099 nm), and Sr thus substitutes isomor- phously for Ca in many minerals. Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth element. Its chemical prop…     

Temporal-spatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

Biological soil crusts serve as an important biological factor contributing to the sand fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the temporal-spatial variability of microorganism in crusts relating to locations, soil layers of sand dunes and seasons. At moss-dominated inter-dune areas, higher soil nutrient and water concentrations were likely to maintain the microbial activities. Bacteria showed the highest capabilities of settlement and growth in inter-dunes in both spring and autumn. Soil water content reached the highest value in soil crusts in the inter-dune areas, especially in spring. Variations of quantities of actinomyces and fungi basically showed the consistent trend in different locations of sand dunes. With the deepening of soil layers, vertical distribution of quantities of each microorganism group showed different characteristics because environmental factors fluctuated in both spring and autumn. Among different microorganism groups, bacteria were predominant, actinomyces the next and fungi the least in both spring and autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. The proportion of bacteria and soil water content were higher in spring than those in autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. No consistent trends were found in actinomyces and fungi. The results showed that the quantities of microorganisms were significantly positive correlated with organic matter content, soil water content, total N, total P, available P, available K, pH, electrical conductivity, total salt content,catalase, urease, phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.     

Response of downstream sediment to water resource development in mainstream of the Lancang River

The impact of hydropower cascades of the Lancang River on downstream sedimentation has become one of the key problems in the research of the transboundary water resource development and its possible environmental effects. In this paper, the newest sediment data series spanning 17 years （1987-2003） at Yunjinghong hydrometric station and Chiang Saen hydrometric station, in northern Thailand, are analyzed to reveal these effects. Monthly mean sediment concentration data of the two stations are compared in-phase and yearly series are analyzed by the method of correlation and regression analysis and causality test. The analysis result shows that, though both of them are located at lower reaches of Manwan and Dachaoshan hydropower stations which are already constructed and in use, the sediment responses of the two stations are different under the regulation of the hydropower stations Annual series at Yunjinghong station are positively correlated but do not match well with those at Chiang Saen station. In addition, the results of Granger causality test on the time series also suggest that the series of maximum monthly mean sediment concentration of the Yunjinghong station each year may give cause for the ones of Chiang Saen station, while the series of minimum monthly mean sediment concentration each year and annual mean sediment concentration of Yunjinghong do not evidently give cause for the ones of the other station. Undoubtedly, this discovery will provide new evidences to assess the impacts of cascades construction in mainstream of the Lancang River on the variation of downstream sediment and its transboundary effects.