磁场中磁液微粒超顺磁性稳定混悬的临界尺寸

探讨处于磁场中超顺磁性混悬液(SMA)中磁性微粒既能保持稳定混悬、又具有超顺磁性的临界尺寸. 根据超顺磁性理论,推导有无外加磁场时微粒显示超顺磁性的理论公式. 根据磁学理论,分析SMA的稳定机理;推导外加磁场中SMA稳定悬浮的临界尺寸公式. 由相应的理论公式可知,无外磁场时Fe3O4和Fe2O3微粒显示超顺磁现象的临界尺寸理论值分别为25.0nm和31.8nm,有外磁场时,临界尺寸下降,且随磁场的增强而下降. 同时磁粒稳定混悬的临界尺寸也会随梯度磁场的增强而下降. 若要既能稳定悬浮又具有超顺磁性,其临界尺寸应选两者中的最小值.     

Characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted from a dimethyl ether （DME） engine

Measurements of exhaust particle number concentration and size distribution from a dimethyl ether （DME） engine at different engine loads and speeds were carried out by using a two-stage dilution system and an SMPS. The results of the DME engine were compared with those of the original diesel engine. The fuel composition had significant effects on the exhaust particle size distribution, the total exhaust particle number and mass concentrations. Compared with those of the DME engine, the particle mass emissions of the diesel engine increased 5.7-17.7 times. At high engine speed （n=2200 r/min）, compared with those of the DME engine, the total particle number emissions of the diesel engine increased 0.75-2.2 times, while the total particle number emissions of the diesel engine decreased by about 50%-80% for middle and high loads at middle engine speed （n=1400 r/min）. Compared with those of the DME engine, the total exhaust particle number concentrations in the accumulation mode of the diesel engine increased 4.2-62.6 times and the exhaust particle geometric number mean diameters in the accumulation mode increased by about 10-30 nm. This correlated with higher oxygen level and lack of C-C bonds in DME. A lot of nucleation mode particles were emitted from the DME engine, this correlated with the processes of nucleation and condensation of the volatile and semi-volatile compounds in the exhaust gas.     

Second organic aerosol formation by irradiation of α-pinene-NO<Subscript>x</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O in an indoor smog chamber for atmospheric chemistry and physics

Ozone（O3） and secondary organic aerosol （SOA） are considered to be the most serious secondary air pollutants of concern in most metropolitan areas, as well as for Beijing. In this study, 03 and SOA formation potential of α-pinene, the most abundant biogenic VOCs, is investigated at Tsinghua Indoor Chamber Facility. The experiments were conducted under atmospheric relevant HCs/NOx ratios in both presence and absence of ammonia sulfate seed aerosol. A Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer system （3936, TSI） and a Condensation Particle Counter （3010, TSI） were used to study the SOA formation and a gas chromatograph （GC） equipped with a DB-5 column and a flame ionization detector （FID） was used to measure α-pinene simultaneously. The results show that the presence of ammonia sulfate seed aerosol did not change the formation trend of 03, but significantly contribute to SOA formation. A strong linear relationship （r^2 = 0.90） between SOA yield enhancement （△Y＊） and surface concentration of seed aerosol （PM1, s）has been found, denoting that the PMi, s is the control factor for SOA yield enhancement. And the possible reason for the enhancement is acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions.     

消光法测定磷酸铵盐微粒灭火剂灭火浓度研究

采用过滤称重法配合激光消光法对两种粒度的磷酸铵盐微粒灭火剂在杯式燃烧器中的灭火浓度进行了研究,得出了激光测定磷酸铵盐微粒灭火剂的质量浓度标定曲线和微粒灭火剂的灭火浓度。结果表明,在该实验条件下,平均粒度分别为6.0 μm和13.7 μm的磷酸铵盐微粒灭火剂其激光吸收发散系数K值分别为0.353 0 m2/g和0.257 3 m2/g,平均灭火质量浓度分别为32.9 g/m3和41.6 g/m3,前者的灭火效能比后者高出25 % ～ 30 %,且前者采用激光消光法测定时相对误差较小。     

一种纳米造影微粒的制备与分析

文章利用微粉化处理、悬浮稳定制备出了一种磁响应性强、粒径小且分布均匀的纳米磁性微粒,为磁共振造影提供了一种新型材料。通过扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观察微粒的形态和大小,磁强计检测微粒的磁响应性,显示该法制备的磁性微粒多呈球形,其粒径为纳米级。在外加场强为10^4Oe、外部温度为18℃的条件下微粒的磁响应强度为26.0±1.1emu/g,撤除磁场时剩磁为零,说明微粒具有超顺磁性。     

三维力柔性触觉传感器设计

对力敏导电橡胶的压阻特性进行了分析和实验验证,得到了传感器单元三维力信息获取的数学模型,并进行了传感器阵列结构和信号处理电路的设计;通过实验对三维力触觉传感器单元进行了验证,并分析了实验结果.实验结果表明,基于力敏导电橡胶的柔性三维力触觉传感器符合设计要求,为进一步研究三维力柔性传感器提供了一种新思路.     

含周期性分布导电孔洞压电陶瓷的力电损伤

为分析含周期性分布球形/椭球形导电孔洞压电陶瓷的力电损伤,采用胞元法对孔洞体积分数、形状比和导电性质对力电损伤的影响进行了研究.结果表明,力电损伤各分量随着孔洞体积分数的增大单调上升;孔洞体积分数和形状比对力损伤的影响明显大于电损伤;几乎与此相反,孔洞导电性对力损伤影响很小,但对电损伤影响比较明显.     

两种新型含噻吩嗪导电共轭聚合物的电化学性质研究

在以0．1M TBAP为支持电解质的DMF非水溶液中,采用循环伏安和差示脉冲等方法详细研究了两种含噻吩嗪基团的导电共轭聚合物在玻碳电极上的电化学性质。研究结果表明：由于吸电子基团-CN的引入,m-Polymer出现一个明显的氧化峰和还原峰,而Ph-Polymer则出现了两组明显的氧化还原峰。详细推导了其电化学反应机理,利用循环伏安和紫外-可见光谱法对这两种聚合物的能级轨道进行了估测。     

炭纤维导电发热布的织造工艺

采用高强低伸纱线作为经、纬纱,在靠布边的地方引入金属丝作为导电电极,纬向等距离地引入炭纤维与经纱交织成布,将电极接在低电压上,供电后能在短时间内导电发热,形成新的导电发热产品——炭纤维导电发热布．从发热布的组织结构、生产工艺以及金属丝与炭纤维能良好交织等方面探讨了发热布织造过程中所需要解决的一些技术问题．     

导电高分子聚苯胺的合成及其应用

聚苯胺是目前研究导电高分子材料领域的热点之一。综述了聚苯胺的研究进展,主要介绍了聚苯胺的合成及其应用前景。