姓的命名与生育崇拜

关于姓，一种有代表性的看法是，姓是图腾的记号，图腾是原始人认为和自己有血缘关系的自然动物，动物，植物或非生命的动物。但是，我们发现中国古代氏族的姓和图腾并没有必然的联系。我们通过对古代姓的命名意义的考察，发现姓的命名其根本意义在于生育，即姓是生育崇拜的产物。     

中国古代绘画的气与韵

"气韵生动"是对艺术作品的总体要求。气与韵原本应为两词,各视为一义。一个人的个性,以及由个性所形成的艺术性,都是由气所决定的。神落实于气之上,气升华而融入于神,此时的气与神才成为统一体。气与韵的提出,是把早已经存在的人的性格的刚柔之异,加以清晰化、精密化,进而气韵兼举。气韵是人物画传神的神,同时它也是山水画的要求。     

论洛阳古代墓葬在我国古代墓葬中的地位

洛阳古代墓葬资源丰富而独特,在全国墓葬中皇家墓葬堪称最多,是中国古代墓葬的“首善之区”;洛阳地理位置得天独厚,是适合墓葬的“风水宝地”;洛阳出土墓志,尤其是唐代墓志,学术价值高,可以补史、证史;洛阳出土文物精品多,丰富了我国的艺术宝库;洛阳地灵人杰,有众多的名人墓葬。洛阳墓葬资源的综合实力在全国属于上乘,有独特的、持久的文化吸引力和巨大的开发利用价值。     

Fuzzy cluster analysis of the provenance of ancient Yaozhou porcelain body

The technique of neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been employed to measure the content of 29 kinds of elements in the sample of Yaozhou porcelain bodies,Then a fuzzy cluster analsis has been conducted to the NAA data and a diagram of the dynamic fuzzy cluster analysis has been achived,The results indicate that the batch of ancient Yaozhou porcelain bodies,which were of different overglaze color and were produced by different kilns during a period of over 800 years from the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) to the Yuan Dyansty(1271-1368 A.D.) ,has shared a stable and concentrated raw material source,Provenances of porcelain bodies from different times ,though having their specific independence ,enjoy a close relationship and are not far from one another,Provenances of porcelain bodies made during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties (907-960 A.D.)are found to be closer to one another,while those of the Song (960-1279A.D.) and the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234 A.D.)are comparatively concentrated in certain areas and are different from those of the Tang Dynasty .Both the tri-colored glazed pottery made in Yaozhou kilns during the Tang Dynasty and the Yaozhou porcelain bodies of the Tang period are from the same provenance.     

Pitfalls in the analysis of ancient human mtDNA

The retrieval of DNA from ancient human specimens is not always successful owing to DNA deterioration and contamination although it is vital to provide new insights into the genetic structure of ancient people and to reconstruct the past history. Normally, only short DNA fragments can be retrieved from the ancient specimens. How to identify the authenticity of DNA obtained and to uncover the information it contained are difficult. We employed the ancient mtDNAs reported from Central Asia (including Xinjiang, China) as an example to discern potentially extraneous DNA contamination based on the updated mtDNA phylogeny derived from mtDNA control region, coding region, as well as complete sequence information. Our results demonstrated that many mtDNAs reported are more or less problematic.Startim, from a reliable mtDNA phylogeney and combining the available modern data into analysis, one can ascertain the authenticity of the ancient DNA, distinguish the potential errors in a data set, and efficiently decipher the meager information it harbored. The reappraisal of the mtDNAs with the age of more than 2000 years from Central Asia gave support to the suggestion of extensively (pre)historical gene admixture in this region.     

《算数书》"以(四)材方"、"以方材(四)"两问校证

张家山汉墓出土《算数书》中“以最材方”、“以方材最”两问是《算数书》校勘工作的难点之一。文章在分析前人校勘得失的基础上,采其所长,根据古人误认二问互逆、脱简等方面的情况,对二问文字进行了新的校勘。     

新疆柯坪地区新元古代晚期地层碳同位素组成及其对比

新疆柯坪地区新元古代晚期海相碳酸盐岩地层的碳同位素测定结果表明: 奇格布拉克组和苏盖特布拉克组上亚组碳同位素组成总体以正δ¹³C值为主, 并且在奇格布拉克组下部出现了一个明显的 δ¹³C正漂移; 在寒武系与奇格布拉克组之间、苏盖特布拉克组上亚组顶部及底部等3个层位出现了3个δ¹³C负漂移. 这些特征与华南三峡地区新元古代晚期碳同位素变化特征相似, 表明苏盖特布拉克组上亚组和奇格布拉克组分别相当于三峡地区的陡山沱组中、上部和灯影组. 其中苏盖特布拉克组上亚组顶部的δ¹³C负漂移对应于三峡地区陡山沱组顶部的负漂移, 而苏盖特布拉克组上亚组底部的δ¹³C负漂移可同陡山沱组中部以及库鲁克塔格地区汉格尔乔克组冰碛岩顶部的δ¹³C负漂移对比.     

评《扬雄方言校释汇证》

<方言>是我国第一部汉语方言学著作,在中国古代语言学史上占有重要地位.然流传时久,是书亦多错讹脱漏之处.清代学者戴震等人曾对其进行校订注释,但因所据版本及参考文献的局限,误漏时有;今人周祖谟曾于20世纪50年代,完成<方言校笺>一书,颇为学界推誉.然周书出版至今已近60年,随着对<方言>研究的深人,亟需有新的校注本出现.今华学诚<扬雄方言校释汇证>一书,广搜旧本,集前人校释心得和今人研究成果於一身,汇证诸家,梳理分析,实为<方言>校释的集大成之作.     

户太8号葡萄在我市的表现及栽培技术

户太8号是陕西省户县葡萄研究所培育成的一个优良葡萄中熟品种，2004年引入我所试栽，通过4年的观察记载，该品种具有粒大、色艳、抗逆性强的优良性状，现将表现及其栽培技术简介如下：