抗旱能力定量计算的简化方法

针对具有月尺度的径流系列资料和同期的月或年尺度的供需水系列资料,或仅具有水资源规划中不同保证率(如50%、75%、90%、95%或97%等)的供需水资料2种常见的资料条件,给出抗旱能力定量计算的简化方法,并根据抗旱能力水平指数来水频率(保证率)关系曲线确定抗旱能力大小;提供了计算示例,可供进一步研究与应用参考。     

融合GMM及SVM的特定音频事件高精度识别方法

针对特定音频事件识别中持续时间特别短的音频事件漏检概率高、识别速度较慢的问题,提出一种融合高斯混合模型（GMM）及支持向量机（SVM）的特定音频事件识别算法. 该方法利用GMM的统计分布描述能力和SVM的推广泛化能力,将GMM和SVM分别识别的结果进行融合处理,以手枪、步枪、机关枪等10类以上枪声为实验数据,无需针对每种枪声生成相应的识别模板,仅需训练生成2个识别模板. 实验结果表明,识别准确率达到92.71%. 该方法模板数量少,不需要多次训练,算法复杂度较低,不仅便于应用而且可大幅提升识别效率.      

On design of physical random access channel in high-speed railway LTE systems

For the uplink in the long-term evolution （LTE） systems, the physical random access channel （PRACH） adopts Zadoff-Chu （ZC） sequences as preamble sequences, and each user can choose a unique cyclic shift for user identification. In high-mobility scenario, the Doppler fre- quency shift raises up the false alarm probability by inducing the correlation peak offsetting at the receiver side. Traditional detection method utilizes multiple search win- dows for searching the potential uplink users. When the Doppler frequency shift is larger than the subcarrier spac- ing, the energy of correlation peak leaks outside the search window and increases the false alarm probability. In this paper, we present a novel design for PRACH preamble sequence for high-speed railway scenario. Through numerical observation, we find out that the offset of the correlation peaks only depends on the initial root sequence number and the length of ZC sequences. Therefore, the root number of ZC sequences should be carefully designed to generate a preamble sequence to fight against the Doppler frequency shift. Consequently, those offsets of the corre- lation peaks are concentrated within a single search win- dow, resulting in lower complexity of detection and lower probability of false alarm for random access in LTE uplink.     

Exploiting cooperative multipath –Doppler diversity in relay-assisted high-speed train communications

Severe doubly selective channel fading, or the time- and frequency-selective fading, prevailing in high- speed train （HST） communications, has been a critical issue that hinders the improvement of system efficiency and reli- ability. In this paper, a relay-assisted HST communication system is considered, and a low-complexity but effective scheme is proposed to cooperatively exploit the joint mul- tipath-Doppler diversity of both the direct link and the relay link and thus to mitigate the negative effect of channel fading and improve the system reliability. In particular, using a special precoding structure followed by two-dimensional Fourier transform, the transmit signal is generated which in effect parallelizes the doubly selective fading channel. As a result, in the transform domain, pointwise combining and equalization, which are of linear complexity, become feasi- ble and diversity gain is obtained. The maximal diversity order is then analyzed under the amplify-and-forward relay settings, which reveals that by cooperative relaying the joint multipath-Doppler diversity of both links can be well exploited. Simulation results verified our analysis.     

普通群体与近交群体的对比分析

对普通群体与近交群体的有关概念、性质、影响因素、基因型频率的动态趋势以及随机交配率与随机交配指数对基因型频率的影响进行分析.结果表明:普通交配与近交的概念不同;随机交配率与随机交配指数性质不同;普通群体3种基因型频率在世代间的动态逐渐趋于平衡,近交群体3种基因型频率的动态趋于近交系数等于1的状态;随机交配率与基因型频率呈曲线相关,近交系数与基因型频率呈直线相关.     

单通道记录信号的OFDM系统频偏估计新方法

提出了一种利用独立分量分析(ICA)技术估计正交频分复用(OFDM)系统频偏的新方法.传统的ICA算法进行频偏估计需要通过不同手段获得多路混合信号,该方法只需利用相关检测技术处理单路OFDM信号,获得观测信号向量,通过ICA算法分离出含频偏信息的信号,然后估计OFDM系统的频偏.与传统的频偏估计方法相比较,该方法不需要信道状态信息(CSI)和辅助信息,不需要额外的带宽,大大降低了系统实现的复杂度,因此具有一定的优越性.仿真结果表明,该方法频偏估计准确度较高,估计范围可以达到±0.5倍的子载波间隔.     

瞬时频率计算方法的比较研究和改进

希尔伯特-黄变换是目前最广泛使用的提取信号瞬时频率时频分析方法,但在求取瞬时频率过程存在端点效应问题.针对这个问题,本文从解析信号的瞬时频率定义着手,介绍了Bedrosian等式和Nuttall定理的限制条件,分析了希尔伯特变换端点效应的产生原因,研究了基于经验调幅调频分解求取瞬时频率的方法及原理.在此基础上比较了希尔伯特变换、Teager能量算子和直接正交法在求取瞬时频率的优缺点.通过实例验证可以得出以下结论:(1)希尔伯特变换解调信号端点效应明显;(2)Teager能量算子法易受信号形式和噪声影响,误差较大;(3)直接正交法易受信号极值点影响,在极值点处会产生瞬时频率突变.针对直接正交法存在的问题,提出了一种改进算法,仿真结果表明:改进算法的效果较为理想,误差较小,能够解决直接正交法求取瞬时频率在极值点处发生突变的问题.     

射频拉远系统中的时钟同步技术

针对射频拉远系统中基带控制部分和射频拉远单元之间的时钟漂移问题,提出了一种利用锁相环进行时钟同步的技术.该技术利用锁相环的特点,通过跟踪时钟漂移并对时钟信号进行预补偿来达到抵消时钟漂移的目的.分析了漂移的产生和影响以及补偿方案的可行性,设计并制作了集成在一块4层印刷电路板中的时钟同步模块.测试结果表明:加入时钟同步模块的时钟信号频率稳定度可达到1×10-12,较之无同步模块提高了4个数量级;对于10,km和100,km单程光纤链路,该方案能达到同样的效果.可见,采用该技术可以在较大的动态范围内补偿时钟漂移,从而提高时钟信号的频率稳定度.     

基于空时分组码与卷积码级联编码的单载波频域均衡技术研究

研究了空时分组码(STBC)与卷积码的级联编码,通过卷积码的纠错能力,进一步降低了系统的误码率,使系统同时获得了满分集增益和较大的编码增益.仿真结果显示,基于级联编码的单载波频域均衡技术的系统性能有较大的改善.     

加速度传感器中抗混叠滤波技术的设计与实现

为了消除因温度变化引起的加速度传感器频率混叠现象,笔者采用在传感器信号调理电路的负反馈电阻上增加电容,形成一阶低通滤波器的方法,既可保证产品工作频率范围内的有效信号不被衰减,又可滤除信号频带外的所有高频噪声,是提高加速度传感器测试精度的一种有效措施。