大雨对飞机降落影响效应仿真研究与定量分析

为全面、定量分析大雨对飞机降落阶段的严重影响,选取波音737-300作为典型代表,首先对于降落阶段大雨造成的飞机性能损失进行了量级评估。然后重点针对降雨所导致的粗糙表面因素,利用CFD仿真方法和改进的湍流壁面函数,对于不同降雨强度下的波音737-300中段翼型气动性能进行了仿真模拟,给出了升阻力系数、失速攻角等定量结果,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明：大雨所导致的粗糙机翼表面将引起严重的气动性能损失。在降落阶段,对于波音737-300中段翼型而言,短时500毫米/小时降雨条件下,最大升力系数减少约28%,阻力系数平均增加达98.1%,失速攻角减小约5度。

Abstract：

Heavy rain might influence aerodynamic performance of an aircraft seriously, especially when it is landing. It requires an intensive investigation and quantitative analysis. Choosing Boeing 737-300 as the representative of aircraft, magnitude calculation for the penalty associated with severe rainfall was firstly made. Then the roughness factor was studied in detail using evolutional turbulence boundary function and CFD simulation tools. The aerodynamic character of Boeing 737-300 midspan airfoil was simulated under different rainfall environment. The quantitative results of lift-drag coefficients and stall angle were proposed and compared with experiment data. The results indicate that, the roughness surface caused by rainfall is most likely to cause significant aerodynamic penalties. For Boeing 737-300 midspan airfoil, when it is landing under severe rainfall of 500mm/hour over 30s periods, it could lead to the loss of maximum lift coefficient by about 28%, the decrease of stall angle by 5 and the increase of drag coefficient by 98.1%.     

Numerical surface characterization of wear debris from artificial joints using atomic force microscopy

Study on surface features of wear particles generated in wear process provides an insight into the progress of material failure of artificial joints. It is very important to quantify the surface features of wear particles in three dimensions. In this study, a new approach using atomic force microscopy was proposed to carry out 3D numerical surface characterization of wear debris generated from artificial joints. Atomic force microscopy combined with image processing techniques was used to acquire appropriate 3D images of wear debris. Computerized image analysis techniques were then used to quantify surface texture features of wear debris such as surface roughness parameters and surface texture index. The method developed from the present study was found to be feasible to quantity the surface characterization of nanoand micro-sized wear debris generated from artificial joints.     

干式硬态车削淬硬工具钢Cr12MoV表面粗糙度试验与预测模型

使用PCBN刀具对不同淬硬状态工具钢Cr12MoV进行精密干式硬态车削试验,运用正交实验法分析切削速度、试件硬度、刀具前角、切削深度4个因素间的交互作用,得到最优车削条件.利用多元回归法,借助应用数学软件SPSS技术,建立表面粗糙度的线性模型与指数模型,并对这2种模型进行比较.试验表明:影响表面粗糙度最显著的因素是切削速度与淬火硬度,切削深度影响最小,指数模型比线性模型预测精度高.     

矿用隔爆电机的生产质量控制

章为YBCS4—200型矿用隔爆电机生产质量控制的实际案例。在进行质量控制活动中，对电机隔爆面的尺寸进行了连续采样并根据电机产品批量小约实际情况，运用了单点控制图对电机隔爆面的尺寸进行了分析，及时发现了质量问题并提出了解决措施．     

40Cr钢离子注入后表面形态变化初探

本文对40Cr钢详细测量、分析了其二维和三维的表面粗糙度,随注入能量和剂量不同各评定参数的变化趋势也不同.离子注入使粗糙度高度参数值普遍下降,间距参数值有时增大,有时减小,通过溅射作用有时使糙峰数减少,有时又产生新峰;形状参数上峰态也发生变化.对不同参数的注入表面尚进行了自相关函数和功率谱函数分析.     

流体性质对液滴碰撞壁面影响的数值研究

不同学者对液滴碰撞动力学的研究结论具有差异,研究的流体种类也较为单一.该文建立的研究体系包含了水、甘油水溶液、硅油、常温液态金属在内的9组流体,将流体黏度、表面张力的研究范围扩展至1～970mPa·s、20～500 mN/m,通过相场法数值模拟,补充低Reynolds数Re的液滴碰撞数据,探索已有理论的适用性.研究表明...     

涂层微磨具的制备及磨削表面质量实验研究

采用真空射频溅射的方法制备涂层微磨具,探讨了微磨具表面涂层制备机理,针对黄铜材料进行涂层微磨具的磨削表面质量实验研究,分析不同加工工艺参数和因素对涂层微磨具磨削表面性能的影响规律.实验结果表明,随着不同涂层微磨具磨削速度的增大,磨削深度和进给速度的减小,黄铜表面粗糙度呈现减小的趋势,表面形貌更加光滑,表面质量更好;在相同的磨削工艺参数下,与未涂层微磨具相比,涂层微磨具的磨削力值更低;相同粒度的涂层微磨具和未涂层微磨具比较,涂层微磨具表面粘结磨屑现象得到改善,在一定程度上增加了涂层微磨具的使用寿命.     

不同波纹壁面微细通道流动沸腾传热特性

为探究不同波纹壁面微细通道的流动沸腾传热特性,设计制造特征参数相同的正弦及三角形这2种波纹壁面微细通道,以R141b为实验工质,在系统压力为60 kPa,传热介质入口温度为33℃的工况下进行流动沸腾传热实验,并将普通平底微细通道作为实验对照组.研究结果表明:波纹壁面微细通道对流动沸腾传热具有优越性,包括过冷沸腾起始点(...     

2D-C/SiC复合材料磨削加工表面形成机制

采用树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮对二维正交编织结构(2D-C/SiC)复合材料进行平面磨削实验,研究磨削加工参数对磨削后表面形貌的影响规律,并分析了磨削表面形成机制.结果表明:磨削参数对表面三维粗糙度(S_a)影响明显,S_a随着磨削深度和工件进给速度的增加而增大,但砂轮线速度的增加,其值反而会降低.0°纤维磨削区(纤维方向与磨削方向平行)的S_a大于90°纤维磨削区(纤维方向与磨削方向垂直)的S_a.在磨削过程中,碳纤维的层状脆性断裂是磨削表面形成的主要机制.0°纤维磨削区比90°纤维磨削区的纤维断裂尺度更加严重,且90°纤维磨削区域上的纤维容易出现拔出.