采场断层活化期望模型的构建及应用

着眼各型断层对煤矿安全的负面干扰,概括采场断层活化期望控制指标体系并关联保护煤柱。用GM(1,1),Verhust,残差GM和GMANN构建数据挖掘模型实现比较准确拓展样本数据,选择成本型或效益型函数去除量纲实现归一。综合关联分析表明,有效隔水层厚度和工作面长度是断层失稳活化主导因素,以接近关联和相似关联研究证明断层倾角与断层活化失稳的耦合关系并未完全显化。经突变级数法给出活化期望系数并把0.88,0.84和0.74作为临界阈值,分级结果相对符合样本实例。应用表明,模型比较准确且相对保真,具备一定研究价值和基本实际意义。     

Preparation of NiO nanoparticles from Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O precursor by mechanical activation

A mechanical activation process was introduced as a facile method for producing nickel oxide nanopowders. The precursor compound Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O was synthesized by chemical precipitation. The precursor was milled with NaCl diluent. A high-energy ball milling process led to decomposition of the precursor and subsequent dispersal in NaCl media. Nickel oxide nanocrystalline powders were produced by subsequent heat treatment and water washing. Milling rotation speed, milling time, ball-to-powder ratio （BPR）, and nickel chlo-ride-to-precursor ratio were introduced as influential parameters on the wavelength of maximum absorption （λmax）. The effects of these pa-rameters were investigated by the Taguchi method. The optimum conditions for this study were a milling rotation speed of 150 r/min, a mill-ing time of 20 h, a BPR of 15/1, and a NaCl-to-powder weight ratio （NPR） of 6/1. In these conditions,λmax was predicted to be 292 nm. The structural properties of the samples were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry.     

纤维素在炭化和活化过程中的结构变化

以纤维素为原料,通过在氮气氛下炭化和水蒸气活化得到纤维素基炭.采用热分析、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射及低温N2吸附测试手段研究了纤维素的炭化和活化过程以及过程中炭微晶结构和比表面积的变化.纤维素分子结构中的C—OH、C—O—C、C—H等基团在280~380℃之间大量分解,380℃后少量裂解产生的小分子碎片或基团持续分解,同时碳元素发生结构重排,形成石墨微晶.炭化温度是影响纤维素基活性炭微晶结构及孔结构的关键因素,随炭化温度的升高,石墨微晶尺寸变大,孔结构得到发育,但活性炭的比表面积则呈先增加后下降趋势,当炭化温度为600℃时所得活性炭比表面积最大;炭化时间对炭微晶结构及比表面积的影响不显著;随着活化时间的延长,先是炭结构中的非微晶碳被氧化,比表面积及总孔容积变大,然后微晶碳被氧化,微晶结构被破坏,炭中部分微孔变成中孔或大孔,导致比表面积及总孔容积变小,当微晶间的非微晶碳被充分氧化而又不破坏原微晶结构时得到的炭孔隙最丰富.     

Finite element models and molecular dynamic simulations for studying the response of mast cell under mechanical activation

In micropipette aspiration experiment, increasing mechanical stress applied to cell membrane induced degranulation of mast cell as well as a current that could be inhibited by an inhibitor, which is specific for the transient receptor potential vanilloid （TRPVs） channels. To determine the sensitivity of TRPVs to membrane strain and tension, and to gain new insights into the activation mechanism of TRPVs, finite element models of mast cell and molecular dynamic simulations of human aquaporin-1 are presented. During the finite element simulations, the cell membrane sustained to micropipette aspiration was simulated, and the strain distribution along membrane thickness direction was obtained. Besides, combining the finite element models of osteoblast aspirated into micro- pipette and other compared models, we examined the relationship between cell mechanical stimulations and mechanical attributes and presented a new perspective to determine the cell equivalent elastic modulus. Consid- ering the indetermination of TRPV crystal structure, human aquaporin-1, one kind of the channel membrane proteins, substituting for TRPV, has been studied with molecular dynamic （MD） simulations, under different external lateral tensions which have been obtained in mast cell finite ele- ment simulations, to investigate the mechanical stimulation effects on the membrane channels. The simulations show that human aquaporin-1 undergoes significant conforma- tional change and expands in accordance with lateraltension, which not only confirms the tendency of the pre- vious electrophysiological experiments but also leads us to a better understanding of TRPVs. The multi-scale study combining finite element simulation and MD simulation is a significant breakthrough in the field of mechanical mechanism in cell system.     

上海常绿树种固碳释氧和降温增湿效益研究

以上海地区6种典型园林绿化植物为研究对象,利用Li-6400XT便携式光合仪测定了它们四季的光合蒸腾等生理生态指标,并通过三维绿量和叶面积指数等形态指标分析了它们的固碳释氧和增温增湿效益。结果表明:全年中每个树种的固碳释氧和降温增湿能力都表现为夏季秋季春季冬季;6个树种年固碳释氧能力为香樟广玉兰柳杉桂花冬青蚊母。夏季,日固碳释氧能力为冬青香樟蚊母桂花广玉兰柳杉,降温增湿能力为香樟冬青桂花广玉兰蚊母柳杉;日降温增湿能力为冬青蚊母香樟广玉兰桂花柳杉。因此:在上海城市绿化树种选择中,可优先选择香樟和广玉兰等固碳释氧及降温增湿能力较强的乔木树种,并适当搭配桂花、蚊母和冬青等灌木,一些景观价值较高但降温增湿效益不高的树种如柳杉应避免大面积种植;同时考虑植被绿量和叶面积指数等形态指标,优化树种结构,以达到城市园林绿化的生态效益最大化。     

石油焦制备碳质吸附剂的研究

以石油炼制过程中的副产物石油焦为原料,研究了水活化法制备碳分子筛的可行性,重点考察了活化水用量和活化温度对样品吸附性能的影响,并测试了样品的微观孔结构和孔形状。实验结果表明,在水筛比为1．0(m：m),活化温度为800℃的条件下,所制样品不仅具有均匀的孔径分布和良好的氢分离效果,而且已初步形成了狭缝状微孔。     

过渡金属超常氧化态配离子的存在形式

对晶体和碱性介质中过渡金属超常氧化态配离子的主要存在形式和反应活化中心进行了综述,参考文献63篇.基于对过渡金属超常氧化态配离子氧化某些复杂的有机化合物的研究,提出了以低质子化程度的配离子作为反应活化中心的假设,该假设得到笔者的计算、实验结果的支持,从而否定了印度学者提出的以高质子化程度的配离子作为活化中心的假设.     

H2在镍表面吸附活化作用的量子化学研究

用ＤＦＴ方法对Ｎｉｎ－Ｈ２（ｎ＝１,２）进行高水平的计算,结果发现Ｈ２分子在镍表面是一个Ｈ原子与一个镍原子键合,这各吸附模式既有利于Ｈ２分子的活化也有利于体系的稳定性。     

51V(n,α)48Sc和51V(n,p)51Ti反应截面测量

报告了E     

304L不锈钢在溴离子作用下的点蚀行为

通有含溴离子氮气的304 L不锈钢管,经一段时期的使用后产生了严重点蚀.通过解剖被蚀钢管,采用金相分析,SEM形貌分析及EDS成分分析的方法,对本案例点蚀特征进行研究,发现:蚀孔形核于晶界,并以蚀孔自身扩张和孔内形成次生蚀孔两种方式生长,且蚀孔内壁产生富Cr层.最后,就相关的电化学理论进行了探讨,并推测活化态蚀孔内壁的溶解导致了富Cr层的产生,而富Cr层的存在则是孔内建立局部活化态,次生蚀孔形核的物质基础.