胃癌组织mtDNA突变与癌变关系的探讨

为了进一步明确mtDNA突变与胃癌发生、发展的关系，利用变性高效液相色谱（DHPLC）和DNA测序技术，对30例胃癌组织和对应的正常组织mtDNA基因组全序列进行了筛查，研究结果确定胃癌中mtDNA存在高频率的突变，突变频率为66.7%（20/30），其中56.7%（17/30）的突变仅见于癌组织，突变频率较高的基因为ND4，ND5和D-loop，分别为36.7%，26.7%和30%，与组成电子传递链复合体Ⅲ，Ⅳ，V的基因相比，复合体I基因在被检测的癌组织mtDNA中的突变频率最高（43.3%），突变类型以碱基替代为主（85.4%），研究结果提示，复合体I基因，特别是ND4，ND5和ND3基因突变在胃癌的发生，发展中起重要作用。     

Identifying disease feature genes based on cellular localized gene functional modules and regulation networks

Using data mining methods to identify disease-rele- vant genes and functional modules via high throughput gene expression profiles is of critical importance for studying complex disease mechanisms and predicting disease phenotypes[1,2]. Genes do not behav…     

DNA和RNA的结构基因组学研究的应用前景

人类基因组计划的实施产生了大量的基因数据，如何利用这些数据是后基因时代生物学研究的主要内容。结构基因组学就是利用这些数据和计算机模拟技术建立模型来为人类服务，介绍了DNA和RNA的结构基因组学的主要研究内容和进展，讨论了结构基因组学的商业应用前景。     

原核生物和酵母基因组中起始密码的特征分析

提出了一个识别基因起始密码子的第一ATG规则，用酵母基因组中的已知基因检验，正确率为99．9％；用大肠杆菌基因组中已知以ATG起始的基因进行检验，正确率为92．9％；用枯草杆菌基因组中已知以ATG起始的基因的进行检验，正确率为81．0％，统计了L－Ter（上游最后一个终止密码）到起始密码子之间的距离（记为D值），酵母的平均长度是17个碱基；在大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌中，以ATG起始的基因的D值分别是36和33个碱基；以非ATG起始的基因的D值分别是39和32个碱基；解释了真核和原核生物D值差别的原因；发现大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌中，以ATG起始的基因和以非ATG起始的基因序列的构造差异。认为L－Ter到起始密码子之间的序列可能是mRNA先导充列的主要结构。     

Genome sequencing and characterization analysis of a Beijing isolate of chicken coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) is classified as a member of the genus coronavirus in the family coronaviridae. The enveloped virus has a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 28 kilo-bases,which has a 5‘ cap structure and 3‘ polyadenylation tract.The complete genome sequence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Beijing isolate, was determined by cloning sequencing and primer walking. The whole genome is 27733 nucleotides in length, has ten open reading frames:5′-orfla-orflab-s-3a-3b-e-m- 6a-6b-n-3′. Alignments of the genome sequence of IBV Beijing isolate with those of two AIBV strains and one SARS coronavirus were performed respectively. The genome sequence of IBV Beijing isolate compared with that of the IBV strain LX4 (uncompleted, 19440 bp in size) was 91.2% similarity. However, the full-length genome sequence of IBV Beijing isolate was 85.2% identity to that of IBV Strain Beaudette, and was only 50.8% homology to that of SARS coronavirus. The results showed that the genome of IBV has remarkable variation. And IBV Beijing isolate is not closely related to SARS coronavirus. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole genome sequence, S protein, M protein and N protein, also showed that AIBV Bering isolate is lone virus in group Ⅲ and is distant from SARS coronavirus. In conclusion, this study will contribute to the studies of diagnosis and diseases control on IBV in China.     

Reconsideration of the phylogenetic positions of three stichotrichous genera Holosticha, Anteholosticha and Pseudokeronopsis （Spirotrichea： Ciliophora） inferred from complete SSU rRNA gene sequences

The small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene for six marine stichotrichs, Pseudokeronopsis carnea, P. flava, Holosticha heterofoissneri, H. diademata, H. bradburyae and Anteholosticha manca, was sequenced and characterized. Using this molecular information, the phylogenetic positions of three related genera, Pseudokeronopsis, Holosticha and Anteholosticha were determined. The results indicate that the family Urostylidae is clearly separated from the family Pseudokeronopsidae. The present phylogenetic analyses unambiguously placed Pseudokeronopsis close to Holosticha, and support the conclusion that these genera should be regarded as the members of the order Urostylidae within the stichotrich clade. Furthermore, the results of this study also support the monophyly of the genus Pseudokeronopsis,the redefinition of Holosticha s. str. and the placement of Anteholosticha in a clade separate from Holosticha.     

Phylogenetic investigation on five genera of tintinnid ciliates （Ciliophora, Choreotrichia）, based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences

The phylogenetic relationship among tintinnid ciliates are relatively poorly studied based on molecular data. In the present work, seven species belonging to five genera of the order Tintinnida (Amphorellopsis acuta, Codonellopsis nipponica, Favella taraikaensis, Stenosemella nivalis, Tintinnopsis beroidea, Tintinnopsis cylindrica and Tintinnopsis lohmanni) were analyzed using the information on their small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian inference (BI), maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ), and least-squares (LS) methods. Generally, similar topologies were revealed with high or moderate supports, in which the main results show that (1) all tintinnids analyzed belong to a single assemblage; (2) congeners in Tintinnopsis do not cluster together, which indicates that the lorica-based definition for this genus is not consistent with the SSU rRNA phylogeny; (3) A. acuta groups with Tintinnidium mucicola but not with Eutintinnus, indicating that the traditional family Tintinnidae might be a paraphyletic group; (4) Stenosemella and Codonellopsis are clearly most related and possibly even merged into one genus regarding their similar morphology and molecular analyses, and possession of a hyaline collar is the only characteristic of the genus.     

“全素”奶酪问世,掺杂人类DNA

<正>美国研究人员最近声称,他们生产出了全世界第一个素食奶酪(而不是奶酪替代品)。令人更不可思议的是,在素食奶酪制作过程中竟然掺杂了人类的DNA。研究人员将酵母与天然牛奶蛋白基因序列相融合,就形成了适合素食主义者吃的"全"牛奶蛋白。另外,由于奶酪蛋白中相关的DNA大多来自人类基因组,这就意味着若食用这种奶酪时,人们出现过敏反应的机会将减少。研究人员开心地表     

甲型H1N1流感病毒病原学特征

自从2009年3月18日墨西哥发现的首例甲型H1N1流感病例以来,在众多国家科研工作者的共同努力下,这种新流感病毒已经开始慢慢向人们揭开面纱。尤其是2009年4月27日公布从美国加利福尼亚州患者身上获得并分离得到的病毒基因序列后,研究人员陆续获得初步研究成果。研究表明：这种病毒基因组由禽流感、猪流感和人流感病毒基因混合而成,是一种新型的甲型H1N1流感病毒,它所引起的流感具有高度传染、传播迅速、易流行的特点。该病毒既有甲型流感病毒的共有特征,也有其特殊性。本文对该病毒的分类与命名、基因组结构特点与变异、相关蛋白及其功能作一综述以便对甲型H1N1流感的诊断、预防、治疗有所帮助。     

中间脉孢霉谷氨酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌和烟草中的表达

用谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）提高植物氮肥利用率是国际上生物工程研究的热点之一,通过RT－PCR方法克隆了真菌中间脉孢霉（Neurospora intermedia,简称Ni),好食脉孢霉（N.sitophila),粗糙脉孢霉（N.crassa)的gdh基因,进行序列测定,前两种gdh基因的序列为首次报道。分别将上述gdh基因克隆入pET30a质粒在大肠杆菌中表达,纯化后进行酶活性及米氏常数（Km)测定,结果发现大肠杆菌表达的Ni-GDH具有更高的酶活性,其Km值在0．3－0．45mmol/L左右。选择Ni-GDH基因转化烟草,发现它能促进烟草在低氮水平下的生长。