利用妊娠奶牛血液快速鉴定不同发育阶段的胚胎性别

采集妊娠奶牛静脉血液，从血浆中提取胎儿DNA，利用牛Y染色体上性别决定基因（sex-determining region Ylinked gene, SRY gene）的特异性序列设计引物，应用巢式PCR扩增SRY基因特异性片段，同时以牛肌动蛋白（β-Actin）特异性片段的扩增产物作为内参照，对32头妊娠奶牛早期胚胎性别进行鉴定。结果表明：从不同妊娠期奶牛血浆中提取胎儿游离DNA进行胚胎性别鉴定的总准确率为80％，其中1～2月龄、2～3月龄、4～8月龄胚胎性别鉴定的准确率分别为60％、85．7％、92．3％。     

褐飞虱NADH泛醌氧化还原酶51kDa亚基cDNA片段的克隆及表达分析

NADH泛醌氧化还原酶是动物体内呼吸链电子传递系统的第一个酶，克隆水稻害虫褐飞虱的NADH泛醌氧化还原酶基因，及研究其在褐飞虱与水稻互作中的表达变化，将为科学防治褐飞虱提供新的线索。利用反转录多聚酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术克隆了褐飞虱NADH泛醌氧化还原酶51kDa亚基基因的cDNA片段，并进行了序列测定；使用NoRhem杂交技术检测了该基因对两种不同抗性水稻的分子反应。分子杂交结果表明，在取食抗性水稻品种B5后，褐飞虱的NADH泛醌氧化还原酶51kDa亚基基因表达水平明显升高，而取食感虫水稻TN1后，该基因的表达水平没有明显变化。     

阿尔茨海默病PS-1基因突变的研究

采用聚合酶链反应及基因测序技术探讨阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer病，AD）早老素-1（Presenilin-1，PS-1）基因第3、4、5、8外显子的突变特点，对13例散发性Alzheimer病（sporadic Alzheimer＇s disease，SAD）患者、12例血管性痴呆（vascular demendia，VD）患者及31名正常老年人的PS-1基因第3、4、5、8外显子片段进行扩增与序列分析．编号为SAD5的患者PS-1基因第3外显子扩增片段上存在1个缺失突变位点，编号为SAD3的患者PS-1基因第8外显子扩增片段的近3’端处发现2个插入突变位点．12例VD患者与31名正常老年人的PS-1基因第3、4、5、8外显子均未发现突变．实验结果表明，SAD患者PS-1基因中存在第3、第8外显子的突变．     

miRNA与肿瘤发生

肿瘤发生的机制是细胞出现失控性增殖。肿瘤的发生一直被广泛认为是由于一系列癌基因蛋白和抑癌基因蛋白的开放读码框的突变而逐步形成的。随着非编码RNA（ncRNA）的发现，传统观念正被改变。最近的研究表明非编码RNA中的成员miRNA可能对于肿瘤的形成起着重要的调控作用。 miRNA（microRNA）是一类高度保守的非编码RNA（ncRNA），长度一般为19—25nt的单链型RNA（ssRNAs），由60．110nt的可形成发夹状的内源性转录前体加工而成。miRNA与靶mRNA的3’UTR碱基配对，通过抑制mRNA的翻译或直接使mRNA降解，在转录后水平使基因产生沉默。越来越多的证据显示由miRNA调节的基因调控机制作为基因表达水平调控的一种重要方式，与肿瘤的发生密切相关。     

把基因分析引进人类学——人类学学者访谈录之三十九

结合自身的研究,探讨了遗传学在人类学的应用及前景问题,如体质人类学、医学人类学、分子人类学、考古人类学等分支领域。     

Mapping of the rice （Oryza sativa L.） thermo-sensitive genic male sterile gene tms5 with EST and SSR markers

VELOPING“TWO-LINE”HYBRID RICE.THE POLLEN FERTILITY OF TGMS IS REGULATED BY THE TEMPERATURE OF ENVIRONMENT.THE POLLENS OF TGMS LINES ARE STERILE WHEN THE ENVI-RONMENT TEMPERATURE IS ABOVE A CRITICAL POINT,BUT FERTILE BELOW THIS POINT.SO FAR,A NUMBER OF T…     

Strategy for the mapping of interactive genes using bulked segregant analysis method and Mapmaker/Exp software

A qualitative trait is usually controlled by a single gene, but it may be sometimes controlled by two or even more genes. This phenomenon is called gene interaction. Rapidly searching for linked mo- lecular markers via bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and then constructing regional linkage map with Mapmaker/Exp has become a common approach to mapping single major genes. However, methods and computer programs developed for mapping single major genes cannot be simply applied to interactive genes because the genetic patterns of gene interac- tions are quite different from that of single-gene in- heritance. Up to now, experimental methods for quickly screening molecular markers linked to inter- active genes and statistical methods and corre- sponding computer softwares for simultaneously analyzing the linkage relationships of multiple mo- lecular markers to an interactive gene have not been available. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a strategy for mapping interactive genes using BSA and Mapmaker/Exp. We demonstrate that all interactive genes can be mapped by the 'BSA Mapmaker/Exp' strategy using F2 generation (in a few cases, F3 generation is also needed). As BSA and Mapmaker/Exp have been broadly used in gene mapping studies and are well known by many re- searchers, the strategies proposed in this paper will be useful for practical researches.     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a presenescing leaf gene psll in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice psl1 （presenescing leaf） mutant was obtained from a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 via radiation of ^60Co-γ in M2 generation. Every leaf of the mutant began to wither after it reached the biggest length, while the leaves of the wild variety could keep green for 25--35 d. In this study, genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out for the mutant identified. The SSR marker analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene （psl1） located on chromosome 2. Fine mapping of the psl1 locus was conducted with 34 new STS markers developed around psl1 anchored region based on the sequence diversity between Nipponbare and 93-11. The psl1 was further mapped between two STS markers, STS2-19 and STS2-26, with genetic distances of 0.43 and 0.11 cM, respectively, while cosegregated with STS2-25. A BAC contig was found to span the psl1 locus, the region being delimited to 48 kb. This result was very useful for cloning of the psl1 gene.     

幼虫的起源

长期以来，幼虫和成虫是由同一基因物种进化而来这一假设与许多生物学现象有着难以调和的矛盾。本书的作者提出了一个大胆的猜想——决定幼虫形态的相关基因可能是由不同种类动物交互移植而来，并通过举例论证了这一幼虫基因移植论的可行性。