细菌虽小 左右疗效

去年，制药巨头——辉瑞（Pfizer）公司的科学家们注意到了一个奇特的现象：在一项常规测试中，老鼠尿液中的代谢产物马尿酸指数（hippuric acid）低得出奇，这项偏离预期的代谢指数使接下来的实验无法进行。科学家们对此进行了进一步调查。这些老鼠是由美国北卡罗来纳州罗利市的同一个实验室培养出来的，所有的代谢产物指数都理应相同。不寻常的是，有问题的老鼠都是在同一个特定房间里饲养长大的。进一步调查揪出了令人意想不到的肇事者一老鼠胃肠道微生物群的独特构成改变了它们的新陈代谢。     

处理助剂厂废水有F2和H2菌株的分离鉴定

从助剂厂废水和生活污水流经的污泥中分离出Ｆ２和Ｈ２菌株，经鉴定Ｆ２为荚膜红假单胞菌，Ｈ２为泥生绿硫菌。讨论了Ｆ２和Ｈ２菌株特征及功能，初步认为它们对助剂厂废水具有高效降解作用。     

硫酸盐还原菌对碳钢腐蚀的影响研究

研究了ＳＲＢ在无氧气氛下对碳钢的腐蚀作用，以ＡＰＩ培养基为基础的腐蚀失重试验表明，在接种ＳＲＢ后，碳钢腐蚀速度明显下降，而当加入Ｆｅ２＋离子后，ＳＲＢ的繁殖速度明显加快，且腐蚀速度的增加幅度更大，进一步的研究结果显示，碳钢在此条件下的腐蚀速度与ＳＲＢ的数量和活性并无直接的关系，而主要在于细菌繁殖过程和钢铁腐蚀过程中，在金属表面所产生的铁硫化物膜的性质     

A proteomic analysis of bacterial strain<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sinorhizobium fredii</Emphasis> RT19 subjected to salt shock

Sinorhizobium fredii RT19, a strain of freeliving bacteria, was subjected to salt shock and its protein expression profiles were analyzed by differential display proteome approaches. The results of separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) showed that the number of resolved proteins was 481, 465 and 424, corresponding to salt-free control, 5 and 50 min 1 mol/L salt treatment, respectively. Among the resolved proteins, 82 in total had altered expression in response to salt-shock stress. 26 out of the 82 proteins were induced and 23 were completely inhibited, while 12 were up-regulated and 21 down-regulated in response to salt shock. In addition, the appearance of differentially displayed proteins responding to different salt shock periods is also reported. The identity of the 26 induced proteins was revealed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) followed by database searching. Among them, 20 were assigned to proteins with known functions. Their roles in response to salt shock stress are discussed.     

Study on screening and cultivation conditions of xylanase-producing alkalophilic bacterial

Xylanisthemajorcomponentofplantcellwallsandthemostabundantpentosaninnature.Xylancontainsβ 1,4 linkedd xylosebackboneswitharabinose,4 O methyl d glucuronicacid,andaceticacidsubstituents[1 ] .Thexylan degradingen zymesincludeendoxylanase(1,4 β d xylanxylanohydrolase;EC3.2 .1.8)and β xylosidase (1,4 β d xylanxylanohydrolase;EC 3.2 .1.37) .xylanasedegradesthexylanbackboneintoxylo bioseandxylooligosaccharides,whileβ xylosidasereleasesxylosylresiduesfromthenonreducingendsofxylooligosaccha…     

Production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza meyeriana L

Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O.sativa and O.meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.     

普通级啮齿类实验动物部分细菌携带情况的初步调查

了解在实际生产中常用普通级啮齿类实验动物中清洁级规定排除的4种主要细菌(沙门菌、鼠棒状杆菌、嗜肺巴斯德杆菌、支气管败血性鲍特菌)的携带状况,以及验证筛选的实验动物细菌检测常用普通培养基和生化培养基的应用效果.方法无菌采集动物气管分泌物,接种血平皿;采集回盲部内容物接种DHL、SS琼脂平皿,37℃48h后挑取可疑菌落进行纯化,取纯培养物进行染色镜检、生化特性鉴定及血清学反应.结论KM小鼠嗜肺巴斯德杆菌阳性率最高,为60%;豚鼠携带支气管败血性鲍特菌,阳性率为30%;总的细菌检出率为20%(其中嗜肺巴斯德杆菌总阳性率为16.25%,支气管败血性鲍特菌总阳性率为3.75%);选出的培养基应用于实验检测中是可行的.     

医学微生物学某些术语的汉译名称之商榷

医学微生物学存在一些科技术语的汉译名称不统一。文章就沙门氏菌属、耶尔森氏菌属、埃希氏菌属、志贺氏菌属、奈瑟氏菌属、布鲁氏菌属、克雷伯氏菌属、立克次氏体属、芽孢杆菌属、枝原体属等菌属名称,肥达氏试验、革兰氏染色、革兰氏阳性菌、细菌芽孢、非典型性肺炎和SARS、“病原生物学”等微生物学术语,进行了研讨和提议。     

遗传资源的保护和惠益分享机制初探

随着生物技术的迅猛发展,对遗传资源的需求特别是商业化需求不断增加,与遗传资源有关的诸多法律问题应时而生。结合《生物多样性公约》的有关规定,如何有效地在遗传资源的提供者和研究开发者间建立合理的惠益分享机制,如何保护我国丰富的遗传资源,成为本文重点分析探讨的问题。