微量热法研究酪氨酸酶催化氧化反应

在恒温条件下从嗜麦芽假单胞菌中获得酪氨酸酶 ,利用微量热法测定了酪氨酸酶催化氧化酪氨酸反应的动力学性质 ,并得出该反应符合Michaelis -Menten动力学的结论。该方法不需要将酶提纯 ,可以原位测定酶的活性。     

提高生焦反应焦化炉给热方法的研究

提出了生焦反应焦化炉给热及生焦反应给热比的概念 ,在确保焦化炉管不发生严重结焦的条件下 ,研究了焦化炉注气及炉出口温度的优化方法 ,以提高生焦反应焦化炉给热及延迟焦化装置液体收率。利用过程模拟软件 ,分别对单面辐射及双面辐射焦化炉进行了管内外过程模拟。结果表明 ,注气比维持在 1% ,炉出口温度由 4 90℃到 5 0 5℃时 ,每升高 5℃ ,生焦反应焦化炉给热增加 4 5～ 5 9kJ/kg ;炉出口温度维持在 5 0 5℃ ,注气比由 3%至 1%每降低 0 .5个百分点 ,生焦反应焦化炉给热增加 2 0～ 32kJ/kg。采用调整注气比和炉出口温度优化同时操作的方案 ,其效果优于仅控制炉出口温度的方案     

供氢剂及其前身物在渣油加氢裂化中的作用

对供氢剂及其前身物的化学变化规律以及渣油的裂化反应的分析表明 ,供氢剂与分散型催化剂的协同使用可较大程度地降低渣油的加氢裂化生焦量 ,而裂化转化率略有降低。 3种供氢剂的抑制生焦能力由大到小依次为二氢蒽 ,四氢萘 ,十氢萘。其中 ,二氢蒽是很好的供氢剂。供氢剂前身物与分散型催化剂协同使用也可以起到相同或类似的作用 ,3种供氢剂前身物的抑制生焦能力由大到小依次为蒽 ,菲 ,1 甲基萘。在渣油临氢催化条件下 ,供氢剂前身物能起到与二氢蒽和四氢萘类似的作用 ,催化剂的存在有助于实现供氢剂与多环芳烃的可逆反应。在分散型催化剂存在下外加多环芳烃的催化加氢实验结果说明 ,分散型催化剂在渣油加氢裂化体系中主要起着氢化多环芳烃和稳定自由基两种作用。外加的多环芳烃与外加供氢剂 (尤其是三环以上的芳烃 )起着将气相氢向液相传递的作用 ,催化剂的存在有助于加速这一过程。     

西安南郊和蓝田夏季土壤CO2排放量的变化研究

根据NaOH溶液吸收CO2原理，对西安南郊和蓝田不同成因土层CO2释放量进行了观测，探讨了土壤CO2释放量的变化规律及其影响因素。资料表明，关中地区夏季土壤(厚土层)CO2释放量变化规律与气温变化规律负相关，CO2释放量存在一定的“滞后性”，一般滞后4～6h；而薄土层土壤CO2释放量变化规律与气温变化规律正相关，CO2释放量不存在“滞后性”，且释放量明显小于厚土层；土壤CO2释放量的变化与温度和天气密切相关，温度高、天气晴朗时释放量大，反之则小；厚土层CO2释放量白天小于夜间，白天约占1／3，夜间约占2／3；薄土层CO2释放量白天大于夜间，白天约占2／3，夜间约占1／3，薄层土CO2观测揭示了CO2释放量和变化规律都与土层厚度有关。     

影响结构在火灾下行为的主要因素及其数值模拟

对影响结构在火灾下行为的主要因素：约束条件和温度载荷作用方式进行了分析，并采用有限元方法对梁在火灾下的行为进行了数值模拟。得出的结论对分析和解释大型复杂结构在火灾下的行为具有重要意义，为基于整体结构的耐火设计方法提供了理论依据。     

相对论热等离子体的同步加速辐射

利用克希霍夫定律及光深条件等物理上的考虑，对具有磁场的相对论热等离子体采用一种简化的方法来处理包含自吸收的同步加速辐射，求得辐射率的表达式．     

Loess-soil sequences in southern Anhui Province： Magnetostratigraphy and paleoclimatic significance

Two parallel loess-soil sequences from Xuancheng and Fanchang in southern Anhui Provinces are dated using geomagnetic and luminescence methods.The Brunhes/Matuyama(B/M) reversal boundary is recognized within the lower part of the so-calles Vermiculated Red Soil (VRS) in the Xuancheng section while the entire Fanchang sequence is of Brunhes age.This indicated that the most recent VRS in southern China,a stratigraphic marker and an indication of extremely warm-humid conditions,was formed during the middle Pleistocene,chronologically correlative with the S4 and S5 soil units in northern China.Microscopic and sedimentologic in vestigations reveal that eolian deposition started in this region at about 0.85 MaBp,roughly synchronous with the well-known Mid-Pleistocene climate change of global significance.The strengthening of both summer and winter monsoon circulations and the consequent river hydrological changes at that time would have provided favorable conditions for sustained eolian deposition in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River since 0.85 MaBP.     

铝合金的低温热成形工艺

在飞机钣金零件的制造工艺中，对于一些高强度，难成形的材料已经采用高温热成形的的工艺方法，而对于铝合金采用不改变材料内部组织状态的低温热成形工艺，目前，在我国飞机制造工艺中很少采用，本文主要介绍了铝合金的低温热成形工艺以及在7075材料中的广泛应用。这种工艺方法可以直接采用淬火时效后的硬状态材料直接成形，避免了淬火变形后的校形工作，对许多钣金零件成形有较大的实用价值。     

盐碱土壤修复材料对作物生长影响研究

本实验是利用以牡蛎壳为主要材料的3种不同用量的盐碱土壤修复材料，处理含盐量为2的低度盐碱土壤，对作物油菜的形态及其生理生化指标进行对比测量，用以观察此修复材料对盐碱土壤的修复作用。实验表明，此修复材料对种植40d后的油菜的出苗率无显著影响，而对叶长、叶宽等形态有明显影响。改良后的盐碱土上生长的油菜的叶绿素含量及叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值均上升；叶片类囊体膜H —ATPase活性上升，证明此盐碱土壤修复材料对盐碱土壤具一定的修复作用，且其修复作用与修复材料的添加用量有关。     

Nanoengineering of Flux Pinning Sites in High－Tc Superconductors

Volume pinning forces were determined for a variety of bulk high-Tc superconductors of the 123-type from magnetization measurements. By means of scaling of the pinning forces, the acting pinning mechanisms in various temperature ranges were identified. The Nd-based superconductors and some YBCO crystals exhibited a dominating pinning of the δTc-type (i.e., small, superconducting pinning sites). In contrast to this, the addition of insulating 211 particles provided pinning of the δl-type; providing effective pinning in the entire temperature range acting as a “background” pinning mechanism for the peak effect. Due to the small coherence lengths of the high-Tc compounds, effective pinning sites are defects or particles of nanometer size relative to ε^3. Integral magnetic measurements of the magnetization as a function of temperature in large applied magnetic fields (up to 7 T) revealed that practically all high-Tccompounds were spatially inhomogeneous, which could becaused by oxygen deficiency (YBCO), solid solutions of Nd/Ba (NdBCO and other light rare earth compounds), intergrowths (Bi-based superconductors), and doping by pair-breaking dopants like Zn, Pr. This implies that the superconducting sample consists of stronger and weaker superconducting areas, coupled together. In large applied fields, this coupling gets broken and the magnetization versus temperature curves revealed more than one superconducting transition. In contrast, irradiation experiments by neutrons, protons,and heavy-ions enabled the artificial introduction of very effective pinning sites into the high-Tc superconductors, thus creating a large variety of different observations using magnetic data. From all these observations, we construct a pinning diagram for bulk high-Tc superconductors explaining many featuresobserved in high-Tc samples.