灰漠土菜地速效钾含量变化及施钾效应

统计了蔬菜所试验地12年的速效钾年平均含量,绘出变化曲线,同时还研究了施用化学钾肥的效应,证明了速效钾含量在逐年下降,施用钾肥对早期产量有显著影响.     

黄土高原旱作土壤养分含量与供给

通过对黄土高原地区旱作土壤与灌溉土壤综合考察、矿化培养实验与土壤、雨水分析，表明旱作土壤养分平均含量均低于灌溉土壤，其中有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷的平均含量均属低水平，速效钾含量较高。旱作土壤可为作物利用的养分主要来源于土壤矿化、大气沉降和肥料投入。     

西藏亚东县十字花科蔬菜根肿病土壤病因研究初探

本文通过对植物与土壤的农业化学分析研究,对西藏境内存在的十字花科蔬菜根(木中)病与土壤病因进行了较系统的研究,对促进西藏蔬菜生产的发展具有重要意义。     

红树林凋落叶自然分解过程中土壤微生物的数量动态

用人工模拟凋落叶方法.研究了红树林(秋茄Kandelia candel)凋落叶自然分解过程中土壤微生物数量的变化,结果表明:凋落叶有利于土壤异养微生物的生长,繁殖,使其数量明显增多;从而加速了凋落叶的分解作用,引起凋落叶分解的异养微生物,从数量看,细菌占绝对优势,它是落叶分解起先蜂和主导作用的微生物类群;丝状真菌也有不可忽视的作用;放线菌似乎被抑制而减少。     

土壤肥料学中的环保教育

人类只有一个地球,维护好人类赖于生存的地球生态环境,是世界各国人民共同关心的问题,而维护良好的自然生态环境,与土壤肥料学知识有着密切的关系。土壤肥料学一般为农学、园艺等种植类专业的基础必修课程,本文就土壤肥料学与环保的之间的关系及如何把环保教育寓于土壤肥料学的     

浙北嘉湖平原成土母质及其土壤发育

浙江省北部的嘉湖平原是我国著名的农业发达区，土壤以水稻土为主，但类型多样，变化复杂，本文根据野外调查及实验分析和第二次土壤普查资料，试对平原成土母质的成因类型、特征、及其与主要土属类型之间的关系作一初步的研究。     

Characterization of MASDs of surface soils in north China and its influence on estimating dust emission

Inordertoquantitivelyevaluateeffectsofdustaerosolonradiativeforcing[1],andtounderstandtheprocessofatmosphericchemistryandbiogeochemistry[2,3],modelingthedustemissionfluxisakindoffundamentalwork.TheDPMmodel[4—6]isidealforpredictingdustemission[7—10]becauseitconsiderseffectsofsurfacefea-tures(MASDofsurfacesoil,roughnesslengthandsoilmoisture,etc)andsandblastingprocess.Italsoprovidesanexplicitphysicalmechanismthatisvalidatedbywindtunnelandfieldexperiments[7—10].Themeandiameterofsurfacesoilsi…     

Transformation of the salt-tolerant gene of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Avicennia marina</Emphasis> into tobacco plants and cultivation of salt-tolerant lines

Salt-tolerant gene, CSRG1, which was isolated from a kind of salt-tolerant mangroves, Avicennia marina, constructed the transgenic plasmid, pGAM189/CSRG1. CSRG1, GUS, Kmr and Hyg^r could be transferred into tobacco genome by the ameliorated leaf discs method of agro-bacterium-mediate transformation. Thirteen stable resistant lines were obtained when fifty transgenic explants were selected through 50 mg/L hygromycin and 150 mg/L kanamycin. Assessments of PCR amplification, Southern blot analysis and GUS histochemical staining showed that CSRG1 has been integrated into the genome of the eleven transgenic lines (frequency of transformation was 22%). Northern bolt analysis revealed that CSRG1 had expressed in transgenic lines. The assessments of salt-tolerant ability and photosyn-thetic rates indicated that the survival rate of the transgenic lines is 80%—90% and the transgenic lines could increase by 30%—40% in plant height, even when they were cultivated in MS medium containing 2% NaCl and the total seawater (salinity 24). It is supposed that the special physiologic metabolic pathway formed by the products of CSRG1 can really endow the tobacco plants with the high salt-tolerant ability, not only to Na^ stress, but also to the comprehensive stress of various ions.     

Land degradation, government subsidy, and smallholders＇ conservation decision： the case of the loess plateau in China

Land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated land into forestry and pasture. This paper represents the first systematic attempt to investigate the impact of the soil conservation program on land degradation in the loess plateau. The results indicate that the soil conservation program to convert slope fields into forest or pasture is an effective way to combat soil erosion. However, a subsidy that is higher than profit of land use activity of slope fields before their conversion into forest and pasture is needed to encourage farmers to join the conservation program. A policy measure to encourage and assist farmers to develop sedentary livestock by using crops produced from fields as well as fodder and forage grass from the converted slope fields might contribute to combat soil erosion. Increase in off-farm job opportunities may encourage households to reduce cultivation in slope fields. That implies a policy measure to encourage rural urbanization might contribute to combat soil erosion.     

煤矸石堆积对矿区土壤中重金属的影响

以开采历史达百年煤炭城市-淮南矿区为例,研究煤矸石长期堆积对矿区土壤造成的重金属污染.从不同开采历史的矿井区选择7条土壤采样线,系统采集煤矸石堆附近的土壤样品,使用电感耦合等离子体全谱直读光谱仪(ICP-AES)对土壤中主要有害元素(Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Sn、Cr、Co)进行分析,并用沉积物标样(LKSD-1)控制分析质量.研究结果表明煤矸石长期风化、淋溶已导致其堆边土壤中重金属发生累积性污染;不同矿井区土壤中重金属含量呈现随煤矸石堆积和风化时间长短呈递减趋势,且Cu、Co、Zn、Ni、Pb相对较易迁移,其含量在部分矿井区土壤中超过国家土壤一级污染标准,但均未超过二级污染标准,这说明煤矸石中重金属向周围土壤的迁移是一个缓慢过程.