农村劳动力过量转移带来的智力资源流失对新农村建设的影响 ——以开封市部分乡镇为例

党的十六届五中全会提出了建设社会主义新农村的宏伟目标。如何建设新农村?大家普遍认为:“减少农民才能富裕农民”,建设社会主义新农村必须减少农民。怎样减少农民?一个重要措施就是鼓励农民外出务工经商。但目前农村在劳务经济兴起的同时,大量智力资源也随着劳动力的过量转移而流失,其对新农村建设有显著的影响,主要表现在农业科技推广难、农业转型慢、土地退化以及农村基层组织建设出现断层、社会治安问题增多、留守儿童教育任务重、社会公益事业严重缺失等几个方面。对此,应实行鼓励乡土人才成长、创业的优惠政策;加强对农民的培训;进一步完善农村义务教育体制;加大农村科技投入,不断提高农业科技含量;加强农村基础设施建设,改善农村的生产生活环境;加大农村社会保障的力度,扩大和提高社会保障的范围和层次;组建各种类型的农村专业合作组织。只有这样,才能将新农村建设落到实处。     

三种广东典型土壤对Cu~(2+)的吸附——解吸特性研究

用平衡吸附法研究了广东地区的红壤、砖红壤以及水稻土对Cu2+的吸附和解吸。结果表明:土壤对Cu2+的吸附量、净吸附量、解吸量都随添加Cu2+浓度的增大而增大;在添加相同浓度的Cu2+标准液时,土壤对铜的净吸附量基是水稻土>红壤>砖红壤,pH值、CEC和有机质含量越大,土壤的吸附量越大;结合使用等温吸附曲线与解吸率,能够很好地描述土壤对Cu2+的吸附特性;土壤对Cu2+的吸附可用Langmuir模型、Freundlich模型和Temkin模型加以描述。     

新疆石河子市蘑菇湖混合污水污染土壤中原生动物的群落特征

采用“非浸没培养皿法”培养,对新疆石河子市蘑菇湖混合污水污染土壤及对照土壤中原生动物的群落进行了比较.共记录了43种土壤原生动物,6种共有种,污染土壤中原生动物相对数量少.群落相似性分析表明,污染土壤与对照土壤中原生动物群落结构极不相似,混合污水污染导致土壤原生动物群落结构发生较大变化.     

内蒙古荒漠草原土壤微生物的分布特征及季节动态变化研究

研究了内蒙古荒漠草原土壤中主要微生物类群的数量随季节变化的规律，以及土壤中微生物的垂直分布特征．结果表明，土壤中3大类群微生物的数量关系为细菌〉放线菌〉真菌，各类群微生物的垂直分布均为0～10cm层多于10-20cm层．细菌、真菌、自生固氮菌以及微生物总数量的峰值出现在春季，而放线菌数量的峰值出现在秋季．     

从土壤至人体的微量元素

了解微量元素经由土壤-植物-人体链的基本、性质与变化过程，大有助于人体健康与环境保护。本书集中过去30多年的知识，提供最新数据及有关食物链的基本内容，附有引证文献资料共有68页（P．451-518）之多。     

植物对土壤重金属污染修复的研究进展

对植物提取、植物钝化和植物挥发等植物修复技术类型及植物修复机理,包括植物本身分泌特殊物质来螯合溶解难溶性金属;通过某些微生物或微生物与植物的共生体促进植物对重金属的吸收;通过一些土壤改良措施如螯合剂、酸性肥料等的施用增加重金属的有效性,从而提高植物对重金属的提取效率等做了简要论述。分析了目前该研究领域存在的主要问题,以期为修复重金属污染土壤的研究和实践提供参考。     

邵阳市植烟土壤养分含量与分布状况的分析

对邵阳市3个产烟县244个土壤样品的养分进行了分析,结果表明:烟区土壤pH值、有机质含量分别为5.9、29.7g/kg,适宜于优质烟叶的生产;土壤大量元素,速效氮、磷含量丰富,分别达到了167.5mg/kg、17.9mg/kg,土壤速效钾相对不足,含量仅为134.1mg/kg;土壤中、微量元素,有效锌含量富有,达到了2.04mg/kg,而硼和交换性镁分别为0.35mg/kg、0.85cmol/kg,存在不同程度的缺乏。因此在邵阳市烟区烟草施肥上,除施用氮、磷、钾外,还需注意镁、硼等中、微量元素肥料的协调施用。     

Soil Organic Carbon Loss under Different Slope Gradients in Loess Hilly Region

Based on field runoff plots observation and sample analysis, the effect of slope gradient on soil organic carbon loss was studied under natural rainfall conditions in loess hilly region. The results showed that with slope gradient increasing （from10° to 30°）, the changing trend of soil erosion intensity （A） was A20°〉A30°〉A15°〉A10°〉A25°, suggesting that slope gradient between 20° and 25° was a critical degree ranger to exist. Soil organic carbon loss was mainly influenced by soil erosion intensity, appearing the same trend as did soil erosion intensity with increasing slope gradient. Soil erosion results in organic carbon enrichment in sediment. Average enrichment ratios of five runoff plots varied from 2.27 to 3.74, and decreased with increasing erosion intensity and slope gradient. The decrease of surface runoff and soil erosion is the key to reduce soil organic carbon loss.     

Vegetation Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Soil Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

The vegetation spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics in different soil regions were analyzed by surveying the vegetation in 12 different soil regions of Inner Mongolia, China, including conifer- ous-broadleaf deciduous forests, shrub, grassland, and desert regions with 1122 large 2 cm × 2 cm quad- rats (actual size 30 km × 30 km, referred to as L-quadrat hereafter) in about 1.18 million km2. Each L- quadrat was divided into four small 1 cm × 1 cm quadrats (actual size 15 km × 15 km, S-quadrat). The vegetation was analyzed based on the beta-binomial distribution to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average of the heterogeneity of all vegeta- tion in the same soil region provides a measure of the soil regional landscape level heterogeneity which de- scribes the spatial complexity of the regional landscape composition of the existing vegetation. Comparison of the vegetation characteristics in the 12 soil regions shows that, the calcic gray soil has the highest average vegetation type per quadrat. The largest soil region is calcic chestnut soil and has the most vegetation types. Every soil region has its own dominant vegetation sequence which dominates in occurrence and dominant vegetation types which dominates in spatial heterogeneity. For the Inner Mongolian vegetation, the weighted average of the heterogeneity is 0.60 and the vegetation diversity index is 4.47.     

加强技术保密 防止技术秘密流失

当前在日趋激烈的市场竞争中,人才和技术已经成为各个企业争夺的焦点,谁拥有了人才和技术,谁就拥有了市场.因此,如何加强技术保密,防止技术秘密流失,已现实地摆在了我们面前.