Effects of various pretreatments on biohydrogen production from sewage sludge

The sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plant is a kind of biomass which contains many organics, mainly carbohydrates and proteins. Four pretreatments, acid pretreatment, alkaline pretreatment, thermal pretreatment and ultrasonic pretreatment, were used to enhance biohydrogen production from sewage sludge. The experimental results showed that the four pretreatments could all increase the soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） of sludge and decrease the dry solid （DS） and volatile solid （VS） because the pretreatments could disrupt the floc structure and even the microbial cells of sludge. The results of batch anaerobic fermentation experiments demonstrated that all of the four pretreat- ments could select hydrogen-producing microorganisms from the microflora of sludge and enhance the hydrogen production. The hydrogen yield of the alkaline pretreated sludge at initial pH of 11.5 was the maximal （11.68 mL H2/g VS） and that of the thermal pretreated sludge was the next （8.62 mL H2/g VS）. The result showed that the hydrogen yield of pretreated sludge was correlative with its SCOD. The hydrogen yields of acid pretreated sludge and alkaline pretreated sludge were also influenced by their initial pH. No methane could be detected in the anaerobic fermentation of alkaline pretreated sludge and thermal pretreated sludge, which suggested that these pretreatments could fully inhibit the activity of methanogens. The volatile fatty acids （VFA） production in anaerobic fermentation of alkaline pretreated sludge was the maximum and the next is that of thermal pretreated sludge.     

造纸脱墨污泥脲醛树脂纤维板研究

利用同步热分析研究脲醛树脂胶的热解特性。利用造纸厂脱墨污泥制造纤维板,分析密度、施胶量、温度、时间对材料物理力学性能影响。结果表明,热压温度在110～200℃之间、NH4Cl加入量为0.5%为宜。污泥纤维板的静曲强度为1.99～18.33 MPa,平均值为8.21 MPa;弹性模量为0.46～3.22GPa,平均值为1.57 GPa;内结合强度为1.58～3.15 MPa,平均值为2.25 MPa;沸腾实验后内结合强度为0.66～1.71 MPa,平均值为1.14 MPa;24h吸水厚度膨胀率为4.36%～7.69%,平均值为5.54%。极差分析密度、施胶量、温度、时间对材料各项性能影响不同,但密度影响都是最大的。SAS分析显示密度、施胶量、温度对材料各项性能的影响都是显著的。     

免费的啤酒

在20世纪30年代初,烟台啤酒质量不错,但是到上海后却无人问津。思来想去,烟台的酒商们在上海各大报纸的头版上刊登了大幅广告：定于某日,买票进入“新世界”者,可领取印有“烟台啤酒厂赠送”的洗脸毛巾一条。然后,可随便在里面免费喝啤酒。喝啤酒最多者赠给大银鼎一只;第二和第三名各赠小银鼎一只。     

污泥对石灰性土壤有机质和全氮磷钾含量的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了不同用量污泥对石灰性生土和熟土有机质和全氮、全磷、全钾含量的影响.结果表明:施用1.25%、2.5%、3.75%、5%的污泥,两种石灰性土壤有机质和全N、全P含量都显著高于对照,且随着用量的增大,增加幅度增大;而全K含量增加不显著.因此,合理利用污泥能提高土壤肥力.     

污泥对石灰性土壤有机质和全氮磷钾含量的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了不同用量污泥对石灰性生土和熟土有机质和全氮、全磷、全钾含量的影响。结果表明：施用1．25％、2．5％、3．75％、5％的污泥,两种石灰性土壤有机质和全N、全P含量都显著高于对照,且随着用量的增大,增加幅度增大;而全K含量增加不显著。因此,合理利用污泥能提高土壤肥力。     

河南油田含油污泥焚烧和资源化利用

针对河南油田含油污泥的情况,采用沉淀、收油、固化、添加助燃剂等处理方法,利用河南油田现有的燃煤锅炉对其进行焚烧.使用该方法能以较低的成本对含油污泥进行资源化利用,降低燃煤锅炉成本,实现含油污泥的无害化处理,解决环境污染问题.燃烧烟气检测结果表明:与煤单独燃烧时相比,处理后的含油污泥与煤共同燃烧SO2的质量浓度从410mg/m3左右降为88mg/m3左右,氮氧化物的质量浓度从62.5410mg/m3左右下降为21.1410mg/m3左右,烟尘质量浓度从45mg/m3左右上升到126mg/m3左右,但都能满足环保要求.燃烧后固体废弃物的浸出液检测结果表明:COD、硫化物、石油类都达到国家二类排放标准.节约燃煤15%～17%.     

Improved Performance of Membrane Bioreactor by Sludge Ozonation for Reduction of Excess Sludge Production

To seek for an alternative solution for the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge, a hybrid system of membrane bioreactor ( MBR) coupled with ozonation process (i.e., ozonation run) was set up to treat the domestic wastewater. A reference run without ozonation was also preformed as a control. The optimal ozone dose of solubilization in the ozonation run was firstly determined through the batch sludge ozonation tests. A 40-day continuous operation of the two parallel systems demonstrated that circulation of ozonized sludge as lysate did not impact the performance of MBR in terms of organic and ammonia removal. On the contrary, an improvement in TN removal (by 7.7%) and sludge reduction (by 54%) was observed in the ozonation-combined MBR, and it was furthermore illustrated by the calculation of the mass balance based on the COD and TN substances. In addition,ozonation did not deteriorate the sludge activities for the ozonation run, indicating that not much inert organic materials built up in the bioreactor. Decreased VSS/SS ratio and lower amount of filamentous bacteria after ozonation treatment on the other hand improved the sludge settleability, as lower and constant Sluge Volume Index (SVI) values were detected in the ozonation run.     

SBAR中好氧颗粒污泥的培养与应用研究

以普通絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,采用人工配制的模拟生活污水,通过逐步缩短沉降时间的方法,在SBAR中成功地培养出了成熟的好氧颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥的SVI为19．97mL／g,粒径在0．45～2．0mm之间,平均沉降速率为45．62m／h,SOUR为47．68g／kg·h,均优于普通絮状污泥。通过扫描电镜观察,颗粒污泥表面粗糙,轮廓清晰,分布着一些沟壑和微小孔道,微生物以杆菌和球菌为主。研究表明,该好氧颗粒污泥反应器具有良好的去除COD和NH4^＋-N的能力,去除率分别达到93％和98％以上,对TP的去除率也达到了60％左右。