关于锚注技术在煤巷掘进过断层的应用思考

本文结合实例,主要探讨了锚注技术在煤巷掘进过断层的应用问题,分别介绍了锚注支护后退挑顶法和后退卧底过断层法的具体设计与计算,希望对于今后煤巷掘进过断层的支护技术发展具有一定帮助。     

构造油气藏形成机理与分类

在油气勘探初期,人们主要在地表有油气苗的地点钻探。通过实践,总结经验后,认识到油气聚集常与背斜有关,这就是"背斜学说",在此理论指导下,逐步开展以地质测量为基本手段的找油气工作,大大加快了新油气田的发现。其中,构造油气藏是各类油气藏中的最主要一类。目前,其形成机制、勘探方法等理论相对成熟。因此,对构造油气藏的研究、分析是石油地质工作者的首要任务。     

泥石流里的绿洲

提起泥石流这个名词,相信对于大家来说都不太陌生。泥石流爆发时场面惊心动魄,泥浆和巨石所到之处,房倒屋塌,农田道路被毁。但是在中国的西南山区,在云南省东北部的小江流域,却有一座建立在泥石流     

综采工作面过陷落柱可行性开采技术分析

本文通过我矿综采工作面成功过特殊地质构造陷落柱,主要介绍了成功利用深眼震动爆破技术和调整综采工作面采煤工艺的方法顺利通过了长轴为75米,短轴为55米的陷落柱,减少了由于陷落柱岩石不稳定性对采煤机、支架、运输机以及工作面顶板等的损坏和破坏,减少了综采工作面遇到大陷落柱搬家的麻烦。其经济效益和社会价值相当可观,为将来过类似地质构造影响提供了有益的参照,积累了一定的经验和办法,是非常值的我们学习的成功经验和方法。     

中厚煤层过12m断层、过拐点综述

本文结合夹河煤矿2444综采工作面直接过12m大断层、过拐点的成功经验,提出了过断层时采取的铺网、注"马丽散"、调整支架、做超前、过拐点(扇形回采)等预见性的主要安全技术措施,对地质条件类似的煤矿具有一定的借鉴参考意义。     

正则化-同伦方法用于电阻抗断层成像

电阻抗断层成像问题本质上是一个非线性、不适定反问题,必须进行正则化处理.基于Tikhonov正则化方法,结合大范围收敛的同伦方法,设计Tikhonov正则化-同伦方法,旨在克服传统重构算法(如Newton类算法等)的局部收敛性,解决初值难以有效选取的难题.针对电阻抗断层成像的图像重建仿真试验,结果表明该方法的有效性与全...     

Uppermost mantle structure of the North China Craton: Constraints from interstation Pn travel time difference tomography

The uppermost mantle is the key area for exchange of heat flux and material convection between the crust and lithospheric mantle. Spatial variations of lithospheric thinning and dynamic processes in the North China Craton could inevitably induce the velocity heterogeneity in the uppermost mantle. In this study, we used Pn arrivals from permanent seismic stations in North China and surrounding regions to construct a tomographic image of the North China Craton. The tomographic method with Pn travel time difference data were used to study the velocity variations in the uppermost mantle. Pn velocities in the uppermost mantle varied significantly in the Eastern, Central and Western blocks of the North China Craton. This suggests that the lithosphere beneath different blocks of the North China Craton have experienced distinct tectonic evolutions and dynamic processes since the Paleozoic. The current uppermost mantle has been imprinted by these tectonic and dynamic processes. Fast Pn velocities are prominent beneath the Bohai Bay Basin in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton, suggesting residuals of the Archean lithospheric mantle. Beneath the Tanlu Fault Zone and Bohai Sea, slow Pn velocities are present in the uppermost mantle, which can be attributed to significant lithospheric thinning and asthenospheric upwelling. The newly formed lithospheric mantle beneath Yanshan Mountain may be the dominant reason for the existence of slow Pn velocities in this region. Conversely, the ancient lower crust and lithospheric mantle already have been delaminated. In the Central Block, significant slow Pn velocities are present in Taihangshan Mountain, which also extends northward to the Yinchuan-Hetao Rift on the northern margin of the Ordos Block and Yinshan Orogen. This characteristic probably is a result of hot asthenospheric upwelling along the active tectonic boundary on the margin of the Western Block. The protracted thermal erosion and underplating of hot asthenospheric upwelling may induce lithospheric thinning and significant slow velocities in the uppermost mantle. Fast velocities beneath the Western Block suggest that the thick, cold and refractory Archean lithospheric keel of craton still is retained without apparent destruction.     

沉积层厚度对逆冲断层破裂扩展特征影响数值模拟

为了深入揭示逆断层活动过程中沉积层的破裂扩展特征,采用数值模拟方法,研究断层倾角为45°时不同沉积层厚度对逆冲断层破裂特征的影响,得到以下主要结论:(1)随沉积层厚度的增加,断层活动对沉积层的作用力沿断层倾角方向从沉积层底部向上渐衰传递,接触点作用力最大,产生的变形随厚度增加在垂向上降低,并转化为横向传递,且横向影响范围逐渐增大。(2)逆冲断层破裂在两个临界沉积层厚度δ1,δ2的区分下存在三种扩展形式;沉积层厚度小于δ1时,基岩断层可扩展至沉积层表面并在表面形成破裂带;沉积层厚度大于δ2时,断层破裂只扩展到沉积层底部,其位移被沉积层内部的变形所吸收;沉积层厚度在δ1与δ2之间,基岩断层扩展到沉积层底部,并在表面形成张拉破裂带。研究结果表明:沉积层厚度是影响逆冲断层破裂扩展的重要因素之一,研究结果有助于进一步认识逆断层发震的地表变形特征。     

浅析复杂地质条件下过断层找矿方法

在矿井生产中时常碰见的断层构造致使煤层断失,严重影响了工作面设计和采掘接续计划,因此在开拓中过断层找矿就显得尤为必要,本文以实例简述复杂地质条件下过断层找矿的基本方法,以层位对比、旁侧小构造判定法和断面特征法判断断层性质和断失翼煤层方向,通过生产勘探法确定断层对工作面影响程度。     

不同岩性条件下巷道围岩变形破坏特征数值模拟研究

运用FLAC2D有限元数值模拟的方法,研究和分析不同岩性条件下围岩变形破坏的应力分布和破坏规律。模拟结果表明：无论巷道断面的哪个位置,都表现出巷道处于断层破碎带岩性下时,应力影响范围及塑l}生变形破坏范围较巷道处于正常岩性下时大,而应力峰值表现出较正常岩性下时小;巷道帮部肩窝处应力集中表现出较其他位置时应力峰值大。本文实验的研究对于井下煤矿开采巷道设计、工作面回采以及地质灾害的防治等方面具有一定的理论与实际意义。