The preparation of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanocrystals with exposed {001} facets and their visible-light photocatalytic performances

Anatase TiO2with exposed{001}facets has been deepgoingly studied for optimizing its photocatalytic activity.In this study,we synthesized N-doped TiO2 nanocrystals with exposed{001}facets by sol–gel method and solvothermal method,respectively.The physical and chemical properties of as-synthesized samples,such as morphology,crystal phase,surface elements composition,porous structure,specific surface area,and optical response,were characterized in detail.The photocatalytic performances of all samples were evaluated by photocatalytic decoloration of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation(k[420 nm).The results showed that the as-prepared samples present high visible-light photocatalytic performances,which can be ascribed to the excellent crystallization,the enhancement of absorbance in the visible-light region,and the strong adsorption performance,and calcination treatment is helpful to further improve the visible-light photocatalytic performance of N-doped TiO2 nanocrystals with exposed{001}facets.     

紫外光浸入式照射对铜绿微囊藻的去除

通过与常规照射方式对比,研究185nm紫外光浸入铜绿微囊藻溶液中接触式照射对铜绿微囊藻光密度、叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白及细胞结构的影响,考察不同初始质量浓度及通入空气量对各指标去除效果的影响.结果表明,光密度、叶绿素a质量浓度、可溶性蛋白质量浓度最终分别下降87.1%,99.8%和99.7%,去除效果明显优于常规方式的紫外照射.随着初始值的增加,叶绿素a的去除率,可溶性蛋白的降解速率减慢.通气量增加,各指标去除率有所增加,但差异不显著,在浸入照射方式下,氧对紫外光作用的催化效果不明显.185nm紫外光使铜绿微囊藻的细胞结构短时间受损,胞内物质结构及胞外物质均产生显著变化,藻细胞畸变.185nm紫外光在浸入方式下,短时间可以有效灭活藻细胞,降低其生理活性及生长速率.浸入式照射的强氧化性使各指标去除效果明显优于常规方式的紫外照射,并在后续培养中未出现光复活现象.     

水热法合成Ni掺杂纳米Cd0.1 Zn0.9 S固溶体及其产氢性能

以水热法合成了Ni掺杂的纳米Cd0.1Zn0.9S固溶体光催化剂,采用分光光度计、X射线衍射仪和比表面及孔径分析仪对光催化剂结构进行表征,考察了Ni掺杂量(质量分数)对固溶体晶型结构及光催化性能的影响,发现Ni掺杂可以使催化剂吸收边红移、晶体粒径减小、比表面积增大.可见光产氢实验研究表明,最佳的Ni掺杂量为0.1%,此时光催化剂产氢活性达到最大.对该光催化剂负载Pt可以进一步提高其活性,当w(Pt)为0.6%时,产氢速率能够达到117 ìmol/h.     

Pb2+掺杂对Cd1-xZnxS光催化产氢性能的影响规律

采用共沉淀法制备了Pb2 掺杂的Cd0.2Zn0.8S及Cd0.8Zn0.2S固溶体光催化剂.实验结果表明,Pb2 掺杂的宽带隙固溶体Cd0.2Zn0.8S在6s轨道与固溶体的价带杂化后提升了价带位置,降低了半导体的带隙,因而提高了产氢活性.当Pb2 掺杂窄带隙固溶体Cd0.8Zn0.2 S后,形成固溶体价带附近的杂质能级,并成为光生电子空穴复合中心,因而不能提高产氢性能.因此,Pb2 对半导体的可见光改性仅适用于较宽带隙的半导体.     

Fabrication of visible-light responsive S-F-codoped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotubes

Fabrication and S-F-codoping of TiO2 nanotubes were carried out by a one-step electrochemical anodization process to extend the photoresponse of TiO2 to the visible-light region. The prepared samples were annealed in air and detected by SEM, XRD, XPS and UV-vis DRS spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average tube diameter of the nanotubes was 150 nm and the average tube length was 400 nm. The doped TiO2 nanotubes exhibited strong absorption in visible-light region. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation efficiency of 4-CP over S-F-codoped TiO2 nanotubes was 39.7% higher than that of only-F-doped sample. Moreover, sulfur and fluorine codoped into substitutional sites of TiO2 had been proven to be indispensable for strong response and high photocatalytic activity under visible light, as assessed by XPS.     

Second organic aerosol formation by irradiation of α-pinene-NO<Subscript>x</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O in an indoor smog chamber for atmospheric chemistry and physics

Ozone（O3） and secondary organic aerosol （SOA） are considered to be the most serious secondary air pollutants of concern in most metropolitan areas, as well as for Beijing. In this study, 03 and SOA formation potential of α-pinene, the most abundant biogenic VOCs, is investigated at Tsinghua Indoor Chamber Facility. The experiments were conducted under atmospheric relevant HCs/NOx ratios in both presence and absence of ammonia sulfate seed aerosol. A Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer system （3936, TSI） and a Condensation Particle Counter （3010, TSI） were used to study the SOA formation and a gas chromatograph （GC） equipped with a DB-5 column and a flame ionization detector （FID） was used to measure α-pinene simultaneously. The results show that the presence of ammonia sulfate seed aerosol did not change the formation trend of 03, but significantly contribute to SOA formation. A strong linear relationship （r^2 = 0.90） between SOA yield enhancement （△Y＊） and surface concentration of seed aerosol （PM1, s）has been found, denoting that the PMi, s is the control factor for SOA yield enhancement. And the possible reason for the enhancement is acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions.     

Photodegradation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-nitrosodiethylamine in water with UV irradiation

The direct photolysis of N-nitrosodiethylamine （NDEA） in water with ultraviolet （UV） irradiation was investigated. Results showed that NDEA could be completely degraded under the direct UV irradiation. The effects of the experimental conditions, including the initial concentration of NDEA, humic acid and solution pH, were studied. The degradation products of NDEA were identified and quantified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. It was confirmed that methylamine （MA）, dimethylamine （DMA）, ethylamine （EA）, diethylamine （DEA）, NO2^- and NO3^- were the main degradation products. The photolysis degradation mechanism of NDEA was also discussed. As a result of N-N bond fission, NDEA was degraded by direct UV irradiation.     

对近空间目标的无源定位探讨

近空间是陆、海、空、天之外又一新的军事应用空间区域,是目前军事通信与侦察研究的热点之一,近空间目标的定位问题成为新的研究方向。本文基于对近空间目标特点和探测条件的分析,阐述了无源定位技术在该领域的重要地位,并针对目标携带辐射源的定位和利用外部照射源的定位两种情况进行了重点讨论,总结出关键技术和研究方向。     

一面透明、另一面不透明的玻璃是怎么回事？

我们在大街上会看到很多像镜子一样的车窗和门窗,与此同时,车里和屋里人却在怡然自得地欣赏城市的风景或者讨论我们对着“镜子”整理头发的动作。这种一面是镜子,一面是透明的效果,全都归因于玻璃上那层很薄的增反膜。顾名思义,增反膜就是增强反射光线能力的薄膜。这层薄膜一般镀在窗户的内侧,当屋内或者车内光线照射到窗户上时,     

C/Bi2 MoO6复合材料的合成及其可见光光催化性能研究

采取溶剂热法制备C/Bi_2MoO_6光催化复合材料,通过SEM、XRD和XPS等手段研究催化剂的形貌,晶相结构和元素组成等,并在可见光下进行RhB (罗丹明B, C_(28)H_(31)ClN_2O_3)以及BPA (双酚A,(CH_3)_2C(C_6H_4OH)_2)的降解试验.当C负载量为5%时,C/Bi_2MoO_6复合材料的光催化降解RhB具有最高的光催化活性,60 min内降解率达到93%,速率常数是纯Bi_2MoO_6的4.6倍.电阻抗和光致发光光谱结果表明,非金属C掺杂后的光催化剂促进了光生载流子的分离,有助于提高光催化性能.该催化剂经过5次循环实验之后,光催化活性损失较小,说明具有较高的稳定性.通过添加牺牲剂捕获不同的活性物质,证明了h~+为主要活性物种,并探索性地提出了相应的光催化机理.