2006年6月国内外科技要闻

●6月1日中国科学院网报道,中科院物理所王恩哥研究小组在三元硼碳氮单壁纳米管制备方面取得了重要进展,首次实现了硼碳氮单壁纳米管结构的直接合成,表明已成功制备出了结构完整、硼和氮含量较高的三元共价硼碳氮单壁纳米管。●6月3日新华社记者报道,在美、俄等国科学家工作基础上,中山大学朱熹平教授和旅美数学家、清华大学兼职教授曹怀东声称彻底证明了庞加莱猜想。●6月6日,中科院南海海洋研究所“热带太平洋年际与年代际海洋环流变异规律”项目通过验收。该项目在太平洋热带海盆环流和副热带海盆环流的年代际和年际尺度变化、热带西太平…     

红萍对污水中银、氮、磷的净化

采用红萍作为对污水中银、氮、磷去除的方法,在静水中经过20天红萍净化,凯氏氮、磷的去除率为68.37%,银为84.20%,磷为35.87%;水体自然净化(主要是自身的藻类),凯氏氮的去除率为47.24%,银为0.05%,磷为6.65%。研究表明,红萍有明显改善水质的功能。     

伯胺И_(1923)从硫代硫酸钠-亚硫酸钠介质中萃取银的研究

研究了用伯胺N_(1928)从Ha_2S_2O_3-Na_2SO_3介质中萃取银的机理.由于S_2O_3~(2-)易被氧化.因此萃取时不应有氧化性离子如NO_8~-等存在,并且要加入Na_2SO_3作稳定剂.此外,有机相伯胺的硫代硫酸盐也是临用时制备的.萃取的最适合pH在3.5～6.0.萃合物的组成用4种方法测定:即Job氏法,饱和容量法,斜率法与饱和有机相的化学分析.它们都表明萃合物组成为(RNH_3)_5Aga(S_2O_3)_4.用红外光谱研究了被萃阴离子的结构,说明该阴离子为折线状,测得该反应的热力学函数为logKex=27.05.△H°=-49.3J/mol,△G°=-141.3/kJmol与△S°=517.1J/mol·K。     

黄壤供氮能力预测的研究

利用^15N稳定性同位素进行水稻、烤烟的盆栽与田间试验,结果表明,贵州黄壤的供氮能力可以用“A”值表示,不同海拔高度的土壤养分校正系数在0．2－0．3之间。     

海岸带不同复合农林业系统的养分状况

通过对江苏沿海滩涂具代表性的银杏采叶园(A)、银杏果—叶—农复合园(B)、银杏材—农复合园(C)等3种不同银杏与农作物复合系统中植物和土壤养分分布规律及生物循环效率的测定分析,研究了不同复合系统的营养动态特征。结果表明,各模式表层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷含量(ρ)呈现出ρB>ρA>ρC的特征,而钾素含量是ρA>ρC>ρB,同时表层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷变异系数都以B模式最大,钾素的分布较均匀。土壤养分的垂直分布基本呈现出随土层加深而逐渐减小的趋势,但各模式各层养分含量的季节变化具不同特征。养分的生物循环率以钾最高,达55.26%,但模式B、C平均养分循环效率分别为45.6%、53.59%,明显高于A。氮素在各模式的总量是ρB>ρC>ρA,磷、钾都为ρA>ρB>ρC。土壤养分总体特征为有机质含量不高,贫氮缺磷,钾素较丰,因而提高豆类间作的强度,加强秸杆还田力度,增施磷肥是维持系统养分平衡的必要措施。     

Involvement of nitric oxide in the signal transduction of salicylic acid regulating stomatal movement

The effects and the relationship between sali-cylic acid(SA)and nitric oxide(NO) on Vicia faba L.stomatal movement were studied.The results here showed that exogenous SA and NO induced stomatal closure,100μmol/L SA induced a rapid and striking NO increase in the cytosol of guard cells.This phenomenon was largely prevented by 2000μmol/L 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide(PTIO),a specific NO scavenger,and 25μmol/L N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME),an inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS) in mammalian cells that also inhibits plant NOS.In addition,SA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by PTIO and L-NAME.These results provide evidence that guard cells generate NO in response to SA via NOS-like activity,and that such NO production is required for full stomatal closure in response to SA.H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ),an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase,and nicotinamide,an antagonist of cADPR production,inhibited the effects of SA-and NO-induced stomatal closure.It suggests that both cGMP and cADPR might mediate the signal transduction of SA and NO-induced stomatal closure.     

NMR study on self-assembled cage complex of hexamethylenetetramine and cucurbit[n]urils

Self-assembled complexes between cage com-pounds cucurbit[n = 5—8]urils and hexamethylenetetramine were studied by using NMR techniques. Experimental results reveal that hexamethylenetetramine can lid cucurbit[5]uril to forming self-assembled capsules in which nothing is encap-sulated yet; the cavity of the cucurbit[7]uril can accommo-date a hexamethylenetetramine molecule to form a self- assembled host-guest inclusion. Moreover, both the cavity interaction of the cucurbit[7]uril with hexamethylenetetra-mine稨Cl and the portal interaction of the dipole carbonyl of the cucurbit[7]uril with hexamethylenetetramine稨Cl lead to form self-assembled capsules in which the hexamethylene-tetramine稨Cl are encapsulated in the hexamethylenetetra-mine稨Cl lidded cucurbit[7]uril. Although the structures of the portal and cavity to cucurbit[5]uril are similar, there is no obvious interaction between decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and hexamethylenetetramine, and also between cucurbit [6]uril or cucurbit[8]uril and hexamethylenetetramine.