Fine three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the capital region and deep environment for the nucleation of strong earthquakes

A detailed 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the capitol region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4-17 km in depth. We used 48750 precise P-wave arrival time data from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by 123 seismic stations. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new information on the geological structure and complex seismotectonics of this region. Different patterns of velocity structures show up in the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan Mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological, topographic and lithological features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocity belts, respectively, which are oriented in NE-SW direction. The trend of velocity anomalies is the same as that of major structure and tectonics. Paleozoic strata and Pre-Cambrian basement rocks outcrop widely in the Taihangshan and Yanshan uplift areas, which exhibit strong and broad high-velocity anomalies in our tomographic images, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Most of large earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M 7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. However, in the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids, just like the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M 7.2) and the 2001 Indian Bhuj earthquake (M 7.8). The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes.     

Separation of hydrophobic gold nanoparticles less than 10 nm by electrophoresis

An electrophoresis device was used to separate hydrophobic gold nanoparticles with particle size less than 10 nm dispersed in organic solvent. Image of transmission electron microscope （TEM） and UV-Vis spectra showed that the particles in the vicinity of cathode have a smaller mean diameter than those near the anode. This result indicates that the nanogolds in chloroform bring a positive charge in opposition to what is predicted by Coehn rule, and provides an electrophrosis method for separating hydrophobic nanogold particles of different sizes.     

化学教学中培养学生科学素养的思考

化学作为自然科学的一个重要门类现今已渗透到社会生活的各个方面,成为处于中心地位的科学,同时化学又是以实验为基础的科学。在化学教学中,通过理论与实践相结合,从科学知识、科学能力、科学方法、科学精神等几方面全面培养学生的科学素养。     

化学混凝沉淀-吸附法处理半导体工业含氟废水

分析研究了CaCl2-PAC化学混凝沉淀-活性氧化铝吸附工艺处理半导体工业含氟废水的机理和影响因素,介绍了该工艺的工程实践和主要处理构筑物,并对处理效果等进行了分析和讨论.     

炭黑的表面化学改性及其在水介质中的分散性研究

为了提高炭黑在水性介质中的分散性，利用对苯酚磺酸（p—PS）及低聚对苯酚磺酸（SPV）羟基邻位的活泼氢与羟甲基的反应，将炭黑羟甲基化后，研究了炭黑粒子表面导入亲水性基团的表面化学改性方法。研究了反应时间、反应溶剂对接枝率的影响，并在水浴90℃，催化剂存在下，水／甲醇为溶剂，反应3h，得到了接枝率为13％的改性炭黑。通过阿R、TEM等手段对P—PS和SPF改性炭黑进行了表征；未经改性的炭黑5min即会完全沉降；P—PS改性炭黑，在自然沉降15d后，分散液透光率从1．5％增加到11．4％；接枝率为13％的SPF改性炭黑，分散液透光率从43．4％变为65．8％。结果表明：改性炭黑在水中的分散稳定性大大提高。     

课堂生态观视角下的化学课堂教学

文章介绍了课堂生态观的理念,并从教学目标、教学内容、教学方式和教学评价四方面对化学课堂生态化教学进行分析,指出生态化教学对个体可持续发展起积极促进作用,是化学课堂教学改革的必然趋势。     

开展好中学化学活动课的探讨

文章探讨了如何充分发挥教师的导向性和学生的自主性,借助化学学科教材、社会教学资源和现代化教学手段,开展好生动有趣的中学化学活动课,激发学生学习化学的兴趣,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,最终突出培养学生的综合素质。     

雌激素受体在锯缘青蟹视神经节的免疫识别

利用免疫细胞化学SABC法对锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)视神经节雌激素受体(ER)进行定位研究.结果表明:视神经节的视外髓、视内髓和视端髓存在ER免疫阳性细胞.视神经节存在的ER免疫阳性细胞可以为雌激素提供结合位点.本研究为雌激素参与视神经节神经内分泌调节作用提供了形态学依据.     

水杨醛-4-乙氧基苯甲酰肼腙对锌离子的高选择性识别

设计合成了荧光传感分子水杨醛-4-乙氧基苯甲酰肼腙(1),应用吸收和荧光光谱研究了其对过渡金属离子(Zn2 ,Cu2 ,Ag ,Pb2 ,Cd2 ,Hg2 ,Fe3 ,Co2 和Ni2 )的响应.结果表明,1与过渡金属离子的配位作用能力相近,但1的荧光发射对锌离子表现出高选择性响应,乙腈中Zn2 的加入导致1的长波长荧光增强415倍,而其它过渡金属离子只引起1的荧光的略微增强.初步探讨了受体分子与锌离子的结合模式与荧光增强机理.     

大学基础化学实验室开放式管理模式的初步探索

大学基础化学实验室是对农科学生进行实验教学的重要基地,也是教师和技术人员从事科研活动的主要场所.为进一步提高实验室的管理质量,挖掘潜力,实现资源设备共享,充分发挥实验室的功能,更好地为教学和科研服务,我们采用了开放式管理方式.