新疆西天山长阿吾子蛇绿混杂岩中与榴辉岩伴生的异剥钙榴岩的发现及其地质意义

在西天山长阿吾子蛇绿岩中的蛇纹石化超基性岩中,首次发现了由原榴辉岩相岩石经异剥钙榴岩化作用形成的异剥钙榴岩.该异剥钙榴岩主要由钙铝榴石、透辉石、葡萄石、绿泥石和少量榴辉岩相变质矿物绿辉石和铁镁铝榴石等组成.详细的岩石学研究表明,该异剥钙榴岩是在超基性岩二次蛇纹岩化过程中由榴辉岩相岩石经异剥钙榴岩化作用形成.异剥钙榴岩化过程开始于370～410℃/650～850MPa;大规模的异剥钙榴岩化出现在200～350℃/400～600MPa的温压条件.在P-T图上由榴辉岩相到异剥钙榴岩构成了明显的退变轨迹,这表明西天山长阿吾子异剥钙榴岩是由原榴辉岩相变质岩石抬升、回返过程中发生异剥钙榴岩化作用形成的.异剥钙榴岩并不只限于洋底变质的构造环境中,也可以形成于俯冲带中.     

洋壳向陆壳下俯冲运动的流变学数学模型

洋壳向陆壳下俯冲是板块运动的一种基本形式,用数理方法研究它有助于深刻认识它的运动机制。考虑了地质体的流变性质,推导并建立了洋壳向陆壳下俯冲的流变学数学模型。     

高速俯冲SAR多模式实时信号处理系统

针对高速俯冲SAR多模式实时信号处理系统的特殊性,提出了一种设计与实现方案.对高速俯冲SAR应用背景及工作模式进行介绍,并说明了本系统所使用的SAR成像算法.在此基础上,提出了可包容单通道多子图的扫描SAR处理和三通道单脉冲处理的系统架构设计方法,并对其中的关键技术如原始数据流方式、高效率数据共享方法、快速模式切换方法和低功耗休眠功能进行具体描述.挂飞试验的实时处理结果验证了本系统的正确性和有效性.     

日本东北大地震——大自然给人类上的又一课

作者介绍了2011年3月11日日本东北地区太平洋沿岸近海的M9.0特大地震的震后研究情况,日本列岛M8.0以上大地震发生的地球动力学背景、地理环境,大地震在东北太平洋沿岸地区、关东地区、东海道地区的活动历史以及对下一次东海地震发生时间的最新研究进展。最后总结了地震中长期预测的现状及相关基础研究应努力的方向,提出了在工程应用研究中应该避免的错误工作思路。     

龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式

在对龙门山的构造变形、沉积环境、地层古生物、石油地质、遥感地质、地球物理、同位素地质等专题研究基础上,综合归纳出龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式——为多层次、乡阶段、深层破裂控制浅层变形的陆内俯冲模式。它不同于A型俯冲带模式,也不同于阿尔卑斯碰撞型造山模式,而是具有中国特色的C型(中国型)俯冲造山模式。     

大别造山带北缘古生代构造-地层岩片的构造归属——岩石铅同位素组成提供的信息

大别造山带北缘(北淮阳)古生代各构造-地层岩片变火山岩、变沉积岩显示了具有高放射性和低放射性成因的两类铅同位素组成特征,块体效应明显,且具有一定的规律性.与秦岭造山带主要构造单元特征的铅同位素组成对比表明,定远组构造岩片可能是南秦岭构造单元或扬子陆块北缘的成分;龟山组、南湾组-佛子岭群、石炭系岩片则属于北秦岭构造单元,它们是北秦岭构造带的东延部分.结合地质体之间的分布关系判断,在大别造山带,扬子陆块与华北陆块在古生代的俯冲消减带应当位于南湾组-佛子岭群岩片的的北界或它们所覆盖地段之下的某个位置.     

K-rich lamellar exsolution in clinopyroxene： Constraint on the depth of peridotite source at Zhimafang

The oriented lamellar K-rich exsolutions within clinopyroxene host were recognized in garnet peridotite massif at Zhimafang in the Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic terrane, eastern China. EMP and TEM analyses revealed that the composition and the index of electron diffraction for this exsolution are corresponding with phlogopite, and the shape is the lamellae with 1 μm in width and 5 to 30 μm in length. Moreover, the topotaxy is that the (001) of K-rich exsolution parallels to (I00) of the clinopyroxene host. The electron diffraction analyzing shows the exsolution is of a 1M polymorphism. The high-resolution lattice fringe image displays the stack features along [001], which only a layer mineral shows. We conclude that the clinopyroxene with IM and K-rich exsolution was probably derived from mantle depths over 240 km, thus resulting from decompressional exsolution in the initial stage of slab exhumation.     

西藏措勤地区典中组火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景

措勤盆地位于西藏冈底斯构造-岩浆岩带的西段北侧,该区古新世火山活动十分强烈,形成了一套厚度大于1 000 m的中酸性火山岩地层,火山岩K-Ar和Rb-Sr同位素年龄为63.9～61.0 Ma,区域上可与古近纪林子宗群下部层位相对比,归为古新统典中组.火山岩岩石化学、地球化学特征分析表明,该火山岩系属高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列,轻稀土富集,负Eu异常明显.与原始地幔相比,微量元素Rb,Ba,K,Th,U富集;Ti,P,Sr,Ta(Nb)亏损.锶、氧同位素组成显示岩浆来源与陆壳物质关系密切,推测是来自于俯冲带的幔源基性岩浆与陆壳重熔酸性岩浆以不同比例混合所形成.综合研究认为,这套火山岩形成于陆缘弧构造环境,与喜马拉雅特提斯洋壳向北俯冲消减作用有关.     

When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.     

金雕:不报杀子之仇誓不罢休

金雕的两只大爪子力量很大,可以一下子扭断猎物的脖子,它那展开超过两米的巨大翅膀,也是攻击的有力武器。今年8月的一天清晨,在黑龙江省一个村庄的麦田上空,盘旋着一只金雕,突然,它以迅雷不及掩耳之势向一位正在收割小麦的杨氏农民俯冲而来,未等杨氏做出任何反映,他的头部就已被抓得鲜血直流了……金雕的攻击力为何如此强大?回答这个问题首先要从金雕的爪说起。金雕的爪在鹰