Computational fluid dynamics for dense gas-solid fluidized beds

Many computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for describing the hydrodynamics of dense gas-solid flows in fluidized beds have been put forward in the past few decades. These models treat the solid phase as continuum or discrete particles, which leads to Eulerian-Eulerian or Eulerian-Lagrangian formulations, respectively. Different governing equations and closure relations essentially result from an insufficient understanding of the complex gas?particle and particle?particle interactions for gas?solid flows. The current status of these models is discussed briefly in this paper. All the approaches in the literature modify only the solid phase momentum balance equation introducing various forms of the solid phase stress tensor and the solid phase pressure drop in the Eulerian-Eulerian models. Taking them into consideration, a new model for predicting the fluid behavior of dense gas?solid flows in fluidized beds has been developed, which contains new terms in both the particle and gas phase momentum balance equations and requires only the use of an experimental drag force correlation. Several results are shown to verify the model’s reliability, which include the homogeneous fluidization of Geldart type A particles, the bubbling and jetting fluidization of Geldart type B particles in rectangular beds, and fluid dynamics in a complicated geometry for a bubbling?bed of a fast internally circulating fluidized?bed biomass gasifier.     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

P-拉普拉斯方程正解和多解的存在性

研究在RN中的一般形式的P-拉普拉斯方程-div(|Du|p-2Du)=f(x,u)(N>P>1).在一定的条件下得到正确和多解.首先建立相应的变分范函,利用H lder和Sobolev不等式证明此范函满足Palais-Smale条件,然后利用爬山原理证明了解的存在性.最后利用严格最大值原理证明了正解的存在性.     

地方执法、司法与以德治省

依法治省和以德治省是依法治国和以德治国的基础。地方执法、司法是依法治省的重要环节,其效果如何归根结底在于相关人员的道德素质。地方执法、司法必须考虑道德因素的影响,加强道德建设,使依法治省切实与以德治省相结合,加快依法治国的进程。     

Efficient expression of human factor Ⅸ cDNA in liver mediated by hydrodynamics-based plasmid administration

The transfection of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells is an indispensable tool in the study of gene transfer and gene function. Since the original report in 1990 on the successful expression of a reporter gene in muscle[1], plasmid DNA injection has been widely used to mediate gene transfer study. As a gene transfer vector, naked DNA has many obvious advantages. It is easy and cheap to be prepared and more safe after transfection. But the plasmid mediated gene expression is low because of t…     

DV数字视频的采集和编辑

分析了DV视频和1394采集卡的主要性能特点,介绍了基于PC的DV视频的采集和编辑技巧,为初学者提供一些解决影视编辑中常见问题的经验和方法。     

数形结合思想及“以形解数”模式

数形结合思想是数学思想中的基本思想，探讨了认识数形结合思想的一些观点；介绍了数形结合思想中“以形解数”的几种常用模式。     

身份认证技术研究

在安全的网络通信中，通信各方必须通过某种形式的身份验证机制来证明他们的身份，以验证用户的身份与所宣称的是否一致，才能实现对不同用户的访问控制和记录。文章讨论了两种常用的身份认证机制，并对其安全性进行了分析。     

基于H.323的数字化语音教室学生终端

设计了数字化语音教室学生终端的解决方案，分析了硬件双核结构的特点，结合CPU两个内核不同的体系结构，在DSP内核上连接A／D，D／A模块实现语音信号I／O通道以及实时实现语音编解码算法，在ARM内核上移植了μC／OS－Ⅱ嵌入式操作系统，H．323应用系统、键盘，显示器等用户接口模块均由μC／OS－Ⅱ统一管理和调度，语音终端综合应用了嵌入式软件设计技术，多媒体技术，计算机微处理器技术和网络技术，也可以作为Internet网络多革体终端的基础。     

贩卖毒品罪的界定问题

贩卖毒品罪的界定是刑事司法中的难题。从毒品概念的内涵看，毒品是指容易造成滥用的麻醉品和精神药物，精神依赖性、毒害性和被管制性是其基本性质。从贩卖毒品的行为看，有多种具体方式，应以毒品实际上转移给卖方为犯罪既遂，对以贩养吸者已服食的毒品不宜定非法持有毒品罪，剩余毒品则应视其去向确定罪名。