Comparative physical mapping of rice BAC clones linked to resistance genes Glh,Bph-3 and xa-5 in Oryza sativa L. and O. granulata Nees et Arn. ex Watt.

Oryza granulata Nees et Arn. ex Watt. is one of the three wild relatives of rice,which are the most valuable for study and utilization in China.In this study,the homology and physical locations of three rice resistance genes,Glh,Bph-3 and xa-5 are comparatively analyzed between O.sativa and O. granulata by Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).The results of Southern blotting indicate that there exist homologous sequences of the tested RFLP markers in O. granulata.By using three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones scanned by the tested RFLP as probes, FISH signals are detected on both mitotic and pachytene chromosomes in O.sativa and O.granulata.Dual-color FISH demonstrates that two of the three BAC clones (14E16 and 38J9) are located on the short arm of the same chromosome pair in O. granulata. Additionally, colinearity is shown for the two clones between O.sativa and O.granulata. Another BAC clone 44B4 is located on the end of the short arm of other chromosome pair in these two species.Although the phylogenetic relationship between O.sativa and O.granulata is the most distinct in Oryza and these two species have evidently different biological features and ecological habits, the relative lengths and arm ratios of the detected chromosomes and the relative positions of the tested clone signals on chromosomes in O. granulata are quite similar to those in O. sativa.     

Deep-water Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum （EOGM） in South Atlantic

The most prominent cooling event of the Earth surface during Cenozoic in the long-term transition from a non-glaciated planet, or “green-house world”, to a polar, glaciated planet, or “ice-house world”, is the Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) above the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at about 33.7 Ma. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate content, and coarse fraction, along with high-resolution color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility records during 35-30 Ma, from deep-water Sites 1262 and 1265, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 208 in South Atlantic, reveal the global cooling event occurring in both surface and deep oceans. The results show that the earliest Oligocene δ^18O values during 33.5-33.1 Ma represent the magnitude of continental ice sheets on east Antarctica and indicate the large decrease in both surface and deep water temperatures of worldwideoceans. The δ^13C records show the large excursion during the period of EOGM event and indicate some types of shift in global carbon reservoir, probably demonstrating the sudden increase in organic carbon burial rates and the changes in the distribution and timing of production. At the same time, lithologic composition, carbonate content, color reflectance, and coarse fraction brought about significant changes close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, reflecting the abrupt deepening in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Changes in carbonate content were revealed from the color reflectance identify periodicities associated with eccentricity of the Earth‘s orbit (100 and 400 ka), further indicating orbitally forced global climate variations in the Early Oligocene.     

Discovery of a Miaohe-type Biota from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, China

A megascopic algal fossil assemblage was first discovered by Ma Guogan and Chen Meng‘e in the black shales of the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Miaohe Town, Zigui County, Hubei Province in 1978. Formal naming of the Miaohe Biota was proposed by Cheng Meng‘e and Xiao Zongzheng in 199112j, and eleven morphological genera have been previously described. including megascopic algae and putative metazoans .Ding et al. greatly expanded the scope of the Miaohe Biota to 9 phyla consisting of 140 genera, including microphytoplanctons, megascopic algae, metazoans, spongesand trace fossils. Xiao et al. further restudied this fossil assemblage, concluding that only about 18 distinct taxa could be recognized and that many Miaohe taxa are poorly defined or svnonvmous.     

从建筑艺术到建筑研究

有关建筑形式与风格的命题,长期以来一直是广为争论的热门话题。这由来已久的争论又常常因为时代的发展而加入各种新潮的概念与名词。这也许是建筑的文化属性所决定了的,是一种令人两难适从的情形。因为,正是这种往往被视为空谈的争论,在十九世纪中叶关于新建筑的讨论中,为现代建筑运动后来的发生与发展做出了具有划时代意义的前奏。而那一切又是在以现代建筑所赖以生存的钢与钢筋混凝土结构出现前约半个世纪之久的年代产生的,其意义之重大可想而知。一、建筑艺术艺术不是什么神秘的东西,艺术也不排斥技术,不能认为一说建筑是艺术,就无法解…     

意大利力量党主席贝卢斯科尼

【英】《新政治家》2018年1月6日1936年9月,西尔维奥·贝卢斯科尼生于意大利米兰的一个中产阶级家庭,在米兰大学法学系求学期间,他通过勤工俭学完成学业。他最初以建筑商身份在意大利闻名。1978年,他建立第一家有线电视台Telemilano,创建家族企业费宁韦斯特集团,其后建立第一家私人电视台＂5频道＂,并收购＂意大利1＂电视台、＂电视4台＂及最大的出版集团蒙达多里出版集团.     

新工科背景下大学生创新创业能力培养模式研究

为适应新经济、新产业发展的需要,发展新工科,对接新兴产业,培养新工科人才,是当前高等教育领域的热门话题和研究前沿。聚焦如何提高高校新工科人才创新创业能力,首先阐明了大学生创新创业的现状及存在的问题,以蚌埠医学院卫生管理系为例,从课程设置、学生竞赛、创新创业、激励机制、校企合作等5个方面为切入点,探索了创新创业教育的培养模式和实施路径。     

多孔陶瓷负载钯催化剂及污水处理研究

本研究以廉价的高岭土、滑石粉、氧化铝为主要原料,水泥为固化剂,疏水型活性碳粉为泡沫稳定剂,采用直接起泡法制备了高开气孔率的多孔陶瓷,采用浸渍和反应法负载氢氧化高钯催化剂.利用次甲基蓝模拟污水,并作为钯基催化剂催化次氯酸钠分解的标识物.研究了催化剂负载量、温度、次氯酸钠用量对催化剂降解次甲基蓝的影响.结果显示,多孔陶瓷负载的钯催化剂能有效催化次氯酸钠分解,极大地提高了次甲基蓝氧化褪色的速率,随温度升高,最终褪色所需时间急剧减少.在温度为40℃,催化剂量为0.4g,NaClO量为5mL,pH值为7.88的条件下,50mL浓度为10mg/L的次甲基蓝仅需要58min就能褪至无色.     

泡沫陶瓷基氢氧化高镍催化剂的制备及模拟污水处理研究

本研究以活性炭为造孔剂制备泡沫陶瓷,通过浸渍法使NiCl2负载于泡沫陶瓷,再与NaClO和NaOH混合溶液反应生成NiOOH催化剂.以一定浓度的亚甲基蓝为污水模拟物,亚甲基蓝褪色时间来衡量NiOOH催化剂的催化性能.以催化剂量、次氯酸钠量、pH、温度为变量,分别通过单因素实验和正交试验探究了它们对催化效果的影响以及确定污水处理的较优组合条件.结果表明,在温度为55℃、pH为8、催化剂量为1.0g、NaClO量为15.0mL时,亚甲基蓝的完全褪色时间为131min.各因素对污水处理效果的影响顺序为温度催化剂量pHNaClO量.污水处理的最佳实用组合条件为温度为35℃、pH为8、催化剂量为1.0g、NaClO量为15.0mL.     

索利那新及其光学异构体杂质的合成

琥珀酸索利那新是选择性毒蕈碱M3受体拮抗剂,目前已经载入《欧洲药典(9.0版)》,并规定3种光学异构体杂质(杂质F、杂质G、杂质H)均不超过0.15%.以N-苯甲酰基-β-苯乙胺为起始原料,Bischler-Napieralski环合成1-苯基-3,4-二氢异喹啉,Na BH4还原制备外消旋体(R,S)-1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉,D/L-酒石酸拆分出R和S异构体,4步反应制备(S)-1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉总收率34.6%;另外,以奎宁环酮盐酸盐为原料经Na BH4还原、乙酰化、酒石酸拆分制备(R)-3-奎宁环醇和(S)-3-奎宁环醇,5步反应制备(R)-3-奎宁环醇的总收率17.8%;最后,以二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯为缩合剂在室温下合成索利那新及其3个光学异构体,以(R)-3-奎宁环醇为起始物计算合成索利那新的反应收率为91.0%,目标化合物经1H-NMR、13C-NMR进行确认.     

细胞色素P450酶生物转化及新催化反应的最新进展

细胞色素P450酶(P450s或CYPs)是一类广泛存在于生命体中,依赖于亚铁血红素催化多种底物的单加氧酶。一方面,它涉及许多高活性天然产物生物合成的关键步骤,对其生物转化研究有助于提高活性分子的产率和活性;另一方面,其催化涉及金属元素以及辅助因子,其蛋白质改造和新催化反应的研发也不断取得新突破。本文就细胞色素P450酶这两方面的最近研究进展进行了总结与论述。