“两个必然”与中国之路——纪念《共产党宣言》发表153周年，中国共产党成立80周年

历史唯物主义认为,一切社会形态都具有历史的暂时性和最终灭亡的历史必然性,这种历史必然性取决于该社会生产方式的内在矛盾运动。《共产党宣言》坚持唯物史观这一基本思想,论证了“两个必然”,庄严宣告了“资产阶级的灭亡和无产阶级胜利是同样不可避免的”。这是《共产党宣言》的核心思想。中国共产党80年的历史是不断实践和实现“两个必然”理论的历史。在新的历史时期,虽然在整个社会主义运动中,历史的进程发生了某些逆转和曲折,但中国的实践已经证明并将继续进一步证明,社会历史发展的总趋势——社会主义必然要代替资本主义是不可逆转的。只有从唯物史观的高度来观察社会历史进程,才能把握时代的本质和脉搏,才能洞察社会历史演进的主要方向。     

高校后勤改革必须坚持“三服务、两育人“的宗旨

本文围绕高校后勤改革中如何坚持和发展"三服务、两育人"这一宗旨,从五个方面比较全面系统地解决了在理论上和认识上的问题.     

微尺度条件下气液相变的若干问题浅析

基于气液相变基础理论,以沸腾过程为切入点,试图探讨微尺度条件下气液相变的一些本质性问题。按照相变过程的时间序列,分析活化分子聚集体的性质、微小尺度对活化分子聚集体的影响、槽道尺寸对气泡生长过程的影响等几个方面,在一定程度上揭示了微尺度与常规尺度条件下相变过程的联系与区别。     

"半个原子"矛盾的形成与解决

在近代化学史上曾经产生过“半个原子”的矛盾,它的形成与解决构成了近代化学发展的一条主线。透过近代化学发展的历史不难发现,道尔顿原子论是近代化学史上的一项划时代的成就,但是它存在着一个自身不能克服的内在矛盾,即道尔顿把化合物的“原子”称为“复杂原子”。道尔顿原子论之理论自身这一矛盾的外化,导致产生了“半个原子”的矛盾。为了解决“半个原子”的矛盾,阿佛加德罗在盖·吕萨克的实验基础上,进行了科学合理的推论,引入了分子概念,提出了分子假说,初步解决了“半个原子”的矛盾。在此基础上,坎尼扎罗完成了科学的“原子-分子”理论体系,最终完善地解决了“半个原子”的矛盾。这个过程再现了唯物辩证法的“扬弃观”、“内因论”和“外因论”的思想,依次具体体现为科学理论的曲折发展律、内在矛盾动力律和内在矛盾外化律。客观地考证分析“半个原子”矛盾的形成和解决的过程,并全面地总结科学理论的发展规律,对于深刻地理解科学的“原子-分子”理论,对于全面地理解唯物辩证法的基本规律,对于在中学化学教育全面培养学生的科学素质和人文素质等,具有重大的理论价值和巨大的现实意义。     

"一面两孔"夹具定位实验的开发

介绍了"一面两孔"夹具定位实验开发的目的和意义,给出了实验的原理、方法、装置构成以及改进方向.     

Molecular self-assembly behavior of mono[6-O-6-(4-carboxyl-phenyl)]-β-CD in solution and solid state

A novel modified cyclodextrin, mono[6-O-6-(4-carboxyl-phenyl)]-]-β-CD (1), has been synthesized by the reaction of mono[6-(p-toluenesulfonyl)]-β-CD with 4-hydroxybenzoate, and its molecular self-assembly behavior in both solution and solid state was studied by means of crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and microcalorimetry. The results indicate that the bezoic acid groups are successively penetrated intermolecularly into the adjacent β-CD cavities to form helical columnar supramolecules in the solid state. As compared with crystal, the similar self-assembly behavior of 1 in aqueous solution has also been confirmed by the ^1H ROESY spectroscopy. Thermodynamically, the formation of polymeric supramolecules by modified CD in aqueous solution is mainly driven by entropy changes.     

X－ray reflectivity investigation of the foam bilayer film formed by hexaethylene glycol dodecyl ether

When the thickness of soap foam film varies in adefinite region, color changes of a soap bubble will be observed due to the interference of light. Black soap films are the final stages of thinning of soap films due to the drainage of water in the absence of evaporation and are generally formed from solutions of an ionic surfactant in the presence of salt. After a bubble is formed, in the beginning the soap film is relatively thick and it appearswhite; then the film thins gradually and finally …     

NMR study on self-assembled cage complex of hexamethylenetetramine and cucurbit[n]urils

Self-assembled complexes between cage com-pounds cucurbit[n = 5—8]urils and hexamethylenetetramine were studied by using NMR techniques. Experimental results reveal that hexamethylenetetramine can lid cucurbit[5]uril to forming self-assembled capsules in which nothing is encap-sulated yet; the cavity of the cucurbit[7]uril can accommo-date a hexamethylenetetramine molecule to form a self- assembled host-guest inclusion. Moreover, both the cavity interaction of the cucurbit[7]uril with hexamethylenetetra-mine稨Cl and the portal interaction of the dipole carbonyl of the cucurbit[7]uril with hexamethylenetetramine稨Cl lead to form self-assembled capsules in which the hexamethylene-tetramine稨Cl are encapsulated in the hexamethylenetetra-mine稨Cl lidded cucurbit[7]uril. Although the structures of the portal and cavity to cucurbit[5]uril are similar, there is no obvious interaction between decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and hexamethylenetetramine, and also between cucurbit [6]uril or cucurbit[8]uril and hexamethylenetetramine.     

缩放型导流筒气升式内环流反应器特性：气液两相牛 …

从气相含率、液体循环速度和体积氧传质系数方面研究气液两相牛顿流体在缩放型导流筒气升式内环流生物反应器内的流体力学与传质特性,内导流筒分别采用传统圆柱型和三种不同结构参数的缩放,实验介质为空气－水两相牛顿流体系。结果表明,与传统圆柱型导流筒比较,缩放型导流筒气相含率提高１０％以上,体积氧传质系数在较大范围内提高,圆柱型导流筒反应器的液体循环量大于各缩放型导流筒反应器的液体循环量,还在Ｈｉｇｂｉｅ穿透     

同步辐射光电离研究甲烷-氢气-氧气低压层流预混火焰

利用同步辐射真空紫外单光子电离,结合分子束取样质谱技术,对掺氢比为0%,20%,40%,60%和80%的甲烷-氢气-氧气-氩气低压层流预混火焰进行了实验研究.通过测量光电离质谱和光电离效率谱曲线,探测了甲烷-氢气-氧气-氩气火焰的中间物,得到了不同掺氢比甲烷-氢气-氧气-氩气火焰的主要产物H2,CH4,CO,CO2,O2和H2O的摩尔分数分布曲线,以及火焰中间产物CH3(甲基),C2H2(乙炔),CH2O(甲醛),CH3OH(甲醇),C2H4(乙烯)和C2H2O(乙烯酮)的摩尔分数分布曲线,分析了掺氢对火焰主要产物和中间产物摩尔分数的影响.实验结果表明,甲烷掺氢燃烧可以降低燃烧产物中CO,CO2和CH4摩尔分数.掺氢后实验测得的火焰中间产物摩尔分数均大幅降低,由于掺氢后火焰中H和OH摩尔分数增加,氢的强扩散性和活性增大了火焰化学反应速率,且掺氢后混合燃料H/C比值增加,使火焰C基中间产物摩尔分数降低,有助于降低不完全燃烧产物摩尔分数.