高分辨率遥感影像在水土流失定量评价中的应用探讨——以Quickbird影像为例

我国是世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一,水土流失是我国的头号环境问题。从20世纪80年代起,我国开始将GIS技术应用于水土保持领域,主要是将GIS与通用水土流失方程结合来估算坡面土壤侵蚀,方程中的作物管理因子(C)和水土保持措施因子(P)主要是基于中低分辨率影像来获得的;对于沟蚀,目前主要采用GPS测量或实地调查等方法进行小尺度上的研究,对于大尺度范围上的研究甚少。针对上述两个问题,将高分辨率影像Quickbird与GIS相结合,探讨高分辨率遥感图像在水土流失定量评价中的应用,提出新的计算C、P因子的方法,较大地提高了C、P因子的准确度;同时,获得了研究区的侵蚀沟密度空间分布图,探讨了依据侵蚀沟密度空间分布图可以进行的相关工作。这都将为水土流失定量评价提供有益参考。     

一类分布参数混合系统的稳定性分析

将混合系统推广到分布参数环境下,提出分布参数混合系统的概念.基于混合系统和分布参数系统的建模方法,建立了一类分布参数混合系统的模型,并对其稳定性进行分析.运用算子半群理论以及混合系统的五元组描述法及其稳定性关系比较理论的结论,通过选择适当的映射,将分布参数混合系统的的稳定性问题转化为集中参数下混合系统稳定性问题,进而得出了一致渐近稳定的充分条件并加以证明.仿真实例验证了文中结论的正确性.     

新型驱动器散热器散热性能仿真与优化

研究了新型驱动器散热器的散热性能,给出了基于微单元时变热交换系数的散热器三维流场及温度场数值求解方法,对散热器三维温度场进行了分析及计算.对比实验结果与数值计算结果表明:采用本方法求解散热器散热性能较热边界平均换热系数法具有更高的精度.以此为基础,通过对散热器的结构优化,可显著改善散热器的散热性能.     

基于双谱分析的雷达辐射源个体特征提取

针对复杂电磁环境中雷达辐射源特征参数的分选和识别问题,提出将辐射源信号的双谱作为雷达辐射源个体特征,并进一步提出将Walsh变换作为双谱特征优化算法。利用双谱中包含的信号细微信息和双谱受高斯噪声和杂波影响较小等特性,提高雷达辐射源个体特征参数的有效性;针对信号双谱中包含了很多与个体特征无关的冗余信息,不利于机器进行识别处理的缺点,利用Walsh变换对信号的双谱特征进行优化,剔除其中无效、冗余的信息,将变换后的结果作为雷达辐射源个体特征信息。仿真实验结果验证了算法的可行性。     

一种基于独立成分分析的滚转弹姿态解算

为了获取试验弹的飞行姿态,以便为进一步的弹体飞行动力学分析及制导系统的效能评估提供依据,提出了一种基于独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)的滚转弹飞行姿态获取方法。该算法使用一个双轴角速率陀螺构成滚转弹飞行姿态遥测系统,利用ICA算法对遥测数据进行处理,从而重构弹体飞行姿态。通过构造一个特殊的虚拟观测变量,即可借助于ICA算法将测量信号由弹体坐标系变换至准弹体坐标系,去除由于弹体滚转引入的信号调制效应,最终解算出滚转弹的姿态信息。仿真计算结果验证了算法的有效性。     

单点公交优先感应控制策略效益分析与仿真验证

单点交叉口信号优先可以降低公交车辆延误且易于实现.研究了公交相位绿灯延长、红灯早断和插入相位三种单点公交优先感应控制策略;应用延误三角形方法建立了以公交车辆车均延误变化量和非优先相位车均延误变化量为指标的三种单点公交优先策略效益计算模型.以两相位信号控制为对象,计算对比分析了三种公交优先策略的正负效益及其影响因素,并通过仿真进行了验证分析.研究表明:公交相位绿灯延长、公交相位红灯早断和插入公交相位三种策略都能够降低公交车均延误,与此同时也都会带来非优先相位车流延误的增加,但影响的程度不同.公交相位绿灯延长策略的效益略小于公交相位红灯早断策略,而相位插入策略的效益与插入时刻等多因素相关.     

基于小波的弹性弹丸膛内引信过载研究

对引信膛内过载的研究,通常采用膛内压力测试的方法,利用弹底压力转换求得引信膛内过载,该方法无法体现弹丸的弹性变形、环境噪声等因素,为了更精确地描述引信膛内的过载,改进膛内引信过载测试方法,在膛内压力测试的基础上建立弹性弹丸模型,将弹丸看作两端自由的均匀等截面弹性杆,用纵向弹性变形运动过载对弹丸纵向过载进行修正,将弹丸膛内过载转换为引信膛内过载.并运用小波理论,根据自行设计的引信膛内过载直接测试方法的测试结果,建立引信高频信号库,然后利用信号库中的高频信号对修正后的过载进行加噪,从而得到能够较为真实的描述引信膛内状态的过载曲线.将处理结果与直接测试结果进行对比表明,使用该方法进行引信过载测试与直接测试方法得到的数据基本吻合,在试验成本上该方法存在优势.     

Application of multi-resolution analysis in sonar image denoising

Sonar images have complex background, low contrast, and deteriorative edges; these characteristics make it difficult for researchers to dispose the sonar objects. The multi-resolution analysis represents the signals in different scales efficiently, which is widely used in image processing. Wavelets are successful in disposing point discontinuities in one dimension, but not in two dimensions. The finite Ridgelet transform （FRIT） deals efficiently with the singularity in high dimension. It presents three improved denoising approaches, which are based on FRIT and used in the sonar image disposal technique. By experiment and comparison with traditional methods, these approaches not only suppress the artifacts, but also obtain good effect in edge keeping and SNR of the sonar image denoising.     

Indirect adaptive fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems

An indirect adaptive fuzzy control scheme is developed for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems. In this method, two fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown functions, and the parameters of membership functions in fuzzy logic systems are adjusted according to adaptive laws for the purpose of controlling the plant to track a reference trajectory. It is proved that the scheme can not only guarantee the boundedness of the input and output of the closed-loop system, but also make the tracking error converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of this scheme.     

Participatory Sustainability Impact Assessment: Scientific Policy Advice as a Social Learning Process

This paper deals with the development of scientific policy advice by providing a methodology to foster a social learning process. The methodology, called participatory Sustainability Impact Assessment (pSIA), aims to structure complex problem situations, to clarify interests and basic assumptions, to interpret scientific studies, to develop impact assessment, and to explore sensitivity of uncertainty and lack of information. In pSIA workshops the participants are supposed to build conceptual models with different modelling methods, like System Dynamics, Value Chain Analysis, and Morphological Analysis. A case study is presented that describes a workshop series with political as well as academic actors, applying the pSIA approach to an impact assessment of Economic Partnership Agreements between the European Union and the Eastern and Southern Africa Region.