Managing Complexity Through Methodic Participation: The Case of Air Quality in Santiago,Chile

Three concrete results have been achieved over a 5-year period in Santiago, Chile, in a process addressed to managing through participation the difficult air quality situation of this 5-million-person metropolis: (1) a highly complex problem has become manageable, (2) a legitimate and effective Prevention and Decontamination Plan is in operation, and (3) citizens and the government are mutually committed to this process. This paper describes how these results have been achieved by applying Innovative Development, a social systems methodology developed by the author and co-workers and applied in many fields over the last 20 years. Following a review of the problem and results that have been achieved, an explanation is offered for why a participative methodology is necessary for dealing with a highly complex problem like the current one. The fourth section provides a brief outline of the Innovative Development methodology. The last section presents the case itself, describing three stages. In the short space available we have tried to balance the practical, methodological, and conceptual issues of this case and this approach.     

面向二十一世纪,发展系统仿真技术

介绍了我国仿真技术的发展过程及美国科学局为建立集成的综合仿真环境和仿真系统归纳的五个层次的使能技术。着重探讨了模型的校核,验证与确认,环境仿真,分布交互仿真和虚拟技术等关键技术,最后,结合国外应用仿真技术要解决的难题和我国目前的实际情况,提出了发展系统仿真技术的几点看法。     

虚拟网络马拉松系统通信协议及关键技术研究

虽然分布式虚拟环境及其各种技术已发展成熟,但其在电子竞技领域的应用尚不多见。将分布式虚拟环境技术应用到电子竞技领域的＂虚拟网络马拉松＂系统中,描述了虚拟化电子竞技系统的特点和通信协议设计准则,讨论了相关的一些关键技术的实现,包括标准性、公平性、通信开销和自愈合性,在此基础上设计并实现了虚拟网络马拉松系统网络通信协议VNMCP。

Abstract：

Although technologies on Distributed Virtual Environment （DVE） have been well-developed in recent years,they are rarely applied to E-Sports systems. DVE technologies with the Virtual Networked Marathon System in the E-Sports area were integrated. The characters of E-Sports and design principles of E-Sports communication protocols were described,and the implementation of some key technologies was discussed,including standardization,fairness,overhead and self-healingness. The Virtual Networked Marathon Communication Protocol （VNMCP） was proposed and implemented.     

作战武器任务规划仿真系统原型的开发

针对复杂虚拟战场环境下的联合作战仿真,设计出了一套仿真方案。利用建模软件Maya、人机交互仿真软件Virtools及程序开发语言C#,开发出了该方案的一个原型。原型采用了根据模型精细度建模、模块化程序设计等优化设计方法。程序运行结果表明,该原型具有模型文件量小、仿真视觉效果佳、程序运行流畅及程序可修改性、可重用性较好等特点,其针对武器装备的作战规划仿真结果为联合作战环境下武器装备的效能评估提供了依据。

Abstract：

A simulation scheme was designed aiming at joint operations simulation in the comprehensive virtual combat environment which developed the prototype of this scheme, with modeling software Maya, human-computer interaction designing software Virtools, program developing language C#. The prototype applied optimum design methods like modeling according to models＇ fineness, modular program designing and so on. Based on the program running results, the prototype possessed such good features as lightweight modeling, good visual effects, fluent program operation, better modifying and reusing properties, etc. The simulation results for weapon equipment mission planning provide reference to weapon equipment effectiveness evaluation in the joint operational environment.     

复杂电磁环境生灭模型及特征生成

复杂电磁环境主要由各类辐射源辐射的电磁信号交互作用而产生。应用随机理论,建立了辐射源的生灭过程模型,采用蒙特卡洛方法动态仿真辐射源状态;建立了给定目标点的有效辐射源筛选、功率密度计算和辐射脉冲流密度计算模型;给出了仿真流程。满足电磁环境仿真的适应性、动态性和实时性需求。

Abstract：

Complex electromagnetic environment comes from many different radiations and their interaction. A birth-death model of radiant points was built on the stochastic theory, and then the states of radiant points were dynamically simulated by Monte Carlo. Some characters creating models were built, including model of filtering valid radiant points, model of power density computing and model of pulse steam density computing. Finally, a simulation process was proposed. All of those have met electromagnetic environment simulation requirement in adaptability, dynamic and real-time.     

面向服务的战场环境保障信息集成框架

为提高战场透明度,需研究和发展以卫星信息为支持的战场环境保障技术。深入分析了卫星支持的战场环境保障的特点及信息处理流程;构建了面向服务的战场环境保障信息集成框架,提出基础平台层、数据组织层、核心服务层和作战应用层的4层框架结构;研究了支持该框架的关键技术体系及接口,实现了原型系统。框架打破目前纵向的各卫星系统自成体系、数据共享困难的局面,使得系统具有更好的动态性和可扩展性,便于用户根据不同的作战需求建立不同的服务模式。     

虚拟环境中一种基于用户QoS的切换策略

随着计算技术的快速发展,移动终端以其便携和移动的特性越来越多的应用于分布式虚拟环境当中。在支持移动终端的分布式虚拟环境中,切换是体现移动终端交互特性以及移动特性的关键问题。传统的切换策略大多以Received Signal Strength Indication(RSSI)作为是否需要进行切换的唯一依据,但是由于获得RSSI的信道扫描阶段较为耗时不能满足分布式虚拟环境中用户对实时性的要求。针对这个问题,给出了在WLAN环境下支持移动终端的分布式虚拟环境中一种基于用户QoS的切换策略。该方法通过对应用层可检测的特征进行分析,结合用户QoS综合作为信道扫描时机的判定条件。通过减少扫描次数,达到降低扫描延迟的目的,并在扫描/切换过程中采用DR(Dead Reckoning)算法来降低系统延迟造成的用户跳变感。试验证明,该方法较传统的切换策略更为灵活,对系统造成的延迟更小,并能很好的满足用户QoS需求。     

甘南亚高山草甸植物对逆境胁迫的生理生态响应

对不同环境梯度条件下6种植物：莓叶萎陵菜（otentilla fragarioides）、火绒草（Leonto-podium nanum）、矮嵩草（Kobresia humilis）、棘豆（Oxytropis kansuensis）、狼毒（Stellera chamaejasme L）、金露梅（Potenti Uafruticosa L）的叶片叶绿素、游离脯氨酸以及可溶性糖含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明：随着生境（包括土壤水分、光照、温度等的）梯度的变化,6种植物叶内脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖的积累量、叶绿素的含量随着从阴坡、半阴半阳坡、阳坡环境的变化都有不同程度的变化;综合分析认为,6种植物的抗逆性由强到弱为棘豆、狼毒、矮嵩草、莓叶萎陵菜、火绒草、金露梅。表3,参14。     

分布式虚拟环境中虚拟人运动的表示

网络虚拟环境中虚拟人的运动表示与交通工具的运动表示具有完全不同的特点。对此 ,本文提出了一种运动表示法 ,以运动信息的形式表达人体所有关节的变化结果 ,并采用信息包的方式在网上传送 ,可以有效地降低维持虚拟人逼真运动所需要的最小信息传送数量     

分布式虚拟环境下的环境管理器及环境描述语言

介绍了面向动态实体的虚拟现实系统的开发过程,给出了一个虚拟环境描述语言ＶＥＤＬ及其主要部分的形式化描述。ＶＥＤＬ可以描述分布式虚拟环境下统一的时间推演、空间位置及环境中的各种实体信息。基于ＶＥＤＬ可效系统需求转化为环境脚本。根据用ＶＥＤＬ书写的这一环境脚本,环境管理器可以动态生成整个系统的各种配置并对动态实体在虚拟环境中的行为进行预规划,随后分发到各个仿真节点从而生成一个虚拟现实系统。