CAD在机械零件设计中的应用

<正>作为先进制造技术设计的首选,CAD计算机辅助设计系统可以根据不同的设计模型,采用二维或三维CAD系统进行建模。为了尽早发现机械零件设计存在的缺陷,并进行及时的改善与修正,需要对机械零件设计模型进行仿真、分析与判断,设计模型的仿真大都采用基于CAD的Pro/E设计软件,该设计软件可以对机械零件进行设计与优化。基于CAD的Pro/E设计改变了传统的机械设计方式,创造了巨大的经     

杨-桤混交林及其凋落物对土壤氮矿化的影响

【目的】研究含氮量中等的立地条件下杨-桤混交林相比于杨树纯林能否增加土壤养分,分析桤木是否为合适的固氮树种,探讨桤木与杨树营造混交林以缓解人工林连栽带来的土地肥力衰退问题。【方法】以苏北地区杨树人工纯林以及杨-桤(1∶1)混交林为研究对象,采用尼龙网袋法观察两种林分下凋落叶质量分解以及养分释放的过程,比较两种凋落物处理(去除凋落物与保留凋落物)对土壤全氮以及碱解氮含量的影响。采用树脂芯田间原位培养法,研究杨-桤混交林与杨树纯林两种林分在两种凋落物处理下,林地土壤氮年净矿化量的变化。【结果】营造杨-桤混交林显著提高了林地土壤全氮和碱解氮含量。杨树纯林凋落物分解时需从周围土壤中吸收更多氮素,且分解速率较慢。杨-桤混交林凋落物分解更快进入氮释放状态,因此去除凋落物后混交林土壤碱解氮显著减少。保留凋落物处理下,杨-桤混交林中每公顷土壤氮年净氨化量显著高于杨树纯林中的,去除凋落物后两者差异不显著。【结论】研究发现,桤木是杨树较合适的伴生树种,营造杨-桤混交林可以起到增加土壤全氮和碱解氮含量的作用,有助于缓解杨树纯林连栽带来的地力下降问题。混交林凋落物分解速率与氮素释放速率更快,有利于人工林生态系统氮循环。保留凋落物处理下,混交林中每公顷土壤氮年净氨化量显著高于杨树纯林的,而每公顷土壤氮年净硝化量没有显著差异,表明混交林凋落物分解释放的氮素主要促进土壤氨化过程,对土壤硝化过程影响较弱。     

黑莓新品种'宁植3号'

‘宁植3号’是由‘Arapaho’（♀）和‘Hull’（♂）杂交选育出的早熟丰产黑莓新品种。该品种植株无刺,直立性好;果实成熟期6月上旬至7月上旬,浆果黑色,具光泽,大小中等,平均单果质量5. 0～6. 0 g;品质佳,可溶性固形物10%～11%,有机酸0. 8%～0. 9%;口感甜,适于鲜食,具有较高的推广价值。     

霞草皂苷对A549细胞和小鼠Lewis肺癌的抑制作用

利用MTT法和流式细胞技术分析霞草皂苷对A549肺癌细胞生长及凋亡的影响;建立小鼠Lewis肺癌模型,观察霞草皂苷对Lewis肺癌的抑制作用,探讨其抗癌机制。结果表明:霞草皂苷对A549细胞株有显著的生长抑制作用,呈一定的量效依赖性,IC50为0.19 mg/L;霞草皂苷3个剂量组干预的小鼠肿瘤的质量及2个剂量组的肺系数明显低于阴性对照组(p<0.01),免疫组化结果显示霞草皂苷各剂量组血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和突变型P53基因表达明显低于阴性对照组(p<0.05)。霞草皂苷抑制肺癌生长机制可能和VEGF及P53基因有关。     

随机试验设计中缺失值插补方法研究

随机化区组设计中经常会碰到缺失数据,处理此类缺失数据目前有4种方法：删除缺失数据法、均值插补法、公式插补法和Yate’s插补法。4种方法的优劣是值得研究的一个问题,拟用模拟研究的方法对此4种方法进行比较。首先随机产生一个4x5的随机区组设计,令缺失值的个数m=l,…,6;其次对每个n遍历所有缺失值位置可能的组合,在每一个缺失值位置的组合下,分别研究4种方法线性回归的标准误差、可决系数和复可决系数。最后模拟研究的结果证实Yate’s插补方法是这4种方法中表现最好的一个,实例研究的结果也证实了模拟研究的结论。     

含有酰胺键的三核钴配合物的制备和表征

以2,6-双(N,N’-5-乙基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-甲酰胺)吡啶(L)为配体,通过溶剂热法合成了含有酰胺键的钴配合物.结果表明,该配合物是一个以μ3-O为中心的三核配合物,配体L则作为四齿配体同时配位于三个Co原子.配合物的热分解分两段进行,最终产物为钴的氧化物.     

Measureme nt of the mechanical properties of nickelfilm based on the full- field deforma tion: An improved blister method

To characterize the mechanical properties of thin films,an improved blister method is proposed,which combines a digital speckle correlation method with the blister test.Based on this method,an experimental setup is developed to measure Young’s modulus,residual stress,and interfacial adhesion energy of an electroplated nickel flm.The results show that the improved blister method has the advantage of a high accuracy full-field measurement with the simple operation and low requirement on environments,which can be used to characterize the mechanical properties of films with various scales from laboratorial to industrial applications.     

Subspecies in Przewalski’s gazelle Procapra przewalskii and its conservation implication

Przewalski’s gazelle Procapra przewalskii is an endangered species endemic to China. A question remains about subspecific variation in this species. Skulls of Przewalski’s gazelle collected from its current remnant ranges around the Qinghai Lake in combination with those collected prior to the 20th century were measured and analyzed using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis in order to clarify the question. Unexpectedly, P. p. diversicornis, extirpated from its historic range, has spread to the Qinghai Lake region where it has replaced nominotypical P. p. przewalskii and is now restricted to a few small isolated populations around the lake. We discuss the causes of this unexpected replacement. In this study, we discuss the possibility of a new form, possibly a new subspecies, in the Guide Basin, adjacent to Qinghai Lake; it is unclear whether the new form has long existed and was only discovered in recent years, or whether it evolved in recent times due to the geographical isolation and anthropogenic landscape features. The study sheds light on the processes of microevolution and subspeciation in Procapra przewalskii, and based on the findings, we propose measures for conservation strategies for Przewalski’s gazelle.     

Solar influenced late Holocene temperature changes on the northern Tibetan Plateau

Considerable efforts have been made to extend temperature records beyond the instrumental period through proxy reconstructions,in order to further understand the mechanisms of past climate variability.Yet,the global coverage of existing temperature records is still limited,especially for some key regions like the Tibetan Plateau and for earlier times including the Medieval Warm Period(MWP).Here we present decadally-resolved,alkenone-based,temperature records from two lakes on the northern Tibetan Plateau.Characterized by marked temperature variability,our records provide evidence that temperatures during the MWP were slightly higher than the modern period in this region.Further,our temperature reconstructions,within age uncertainty,can be well correlated with solar irradiance changes,suggesting a possible link between solar forcing and natural climate variability,at least on the northern Tibetan Plateau.     

不同配方物理显影液显现皮脂汗手印初探

目的探讨改变物理显影液配方中硫酸亚铁铵含量对于皮脂汗手印显出的影响。方法采用改变反应体系的重要物质浓度的变量分析方法进行显现实验。结果硫酸亚铁铵取140g时物理显影液显现手印的速度适中,显现效果较好。结论得出了分别适合打印纸和牛皮纸上手印显现的物理显影液配方中硫酸亚铁铵的用量。