金属间化合物Ni3Al中的硼晶界偏聚特性的AES研究

本文应用俄歇能谱仪研究了不同化学计量比ＮｉＡｌ金属间化合物硼在晶界偏聚的特性。研究结果表明：硼在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的各个晶界偏聚存在着不均匀性，硼在晶界的偏聚范围只有几个原子层，晶界结构及晶界化学环境是影响在晶界偏聚的决定因素。     

Genetic analysis of segregation distortion of mating-type factors in Lentinula edodes

Analyses of the mating-type ratio of protoplast monokaryons to spores in 28 strains of Lentinula edodes were performed through statistical methods. The results showed that the segregation distortion phenomenon commonly exists in both types of Lentinula edodes, 17 out of the 28 samples did not display the expected 1∶1 ratio of protoplast monokaryons; and among them 8 fruiting strains distorted 1∶1∶1∶1 segregation of spores. The degree of distortion in all tested wild strains was significantly lower than that of cultured strains. In fruiting test of positive-negative parent, predominant spores were those with the mating type identical to dikaryotic parent, indicating that the predominance of nuclei mainly depends on the mating type of dikaryotic parent. Data from di-mon mating test verified that monokaryons with acceptor nuclear type are present exclusively in a large amount after dedikaryotization, suggesting that the specificities among B factors and some other unknown factors in cytoplasm are probably responsible for the phenomenon of skewed segregation.     

无压渗透法制备SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究

利用无压渗透法制备出SiCp／Al复合材料，研究了SiCp／Al系统的界面微观结构及复合材料的机械性能，研究表明：SiCp／Al系统的界面处存在着界面反应，生成Si、A12O3和A13C4等产物，在界面处存在着Si和Mg元素的富集；复合材料的机械性能受界面反应和Si元素富集的影响，其中界面反应是最重要的影响因素。当界面反应控制在一定程度时，在基体与增强相的界面处形成比较充分的“机械绞合”，才会使复合材料的机械性能有较大提高，界面上Si元素的富集对机械性能的影响较为复杂，一方面它可以控制界面反应的过度发生，另一方面又会产生晶格畴变，这两方面效应的叠加，使之对复合材料机械性能的影响减弱，远小于界面反应对机械性能的影响。     

通过二元熔体的偏析因子计算三元合金的表面张力

通过两次利用理想二元合金熔体的偏析因子,并考虑两个因子间的相互作用关系来计算三元合金的表面张力。针对Cu-Fe-Ni三元熔体,将其与热力学计算值比较,得到一个简单的模型,该模型能够便利、可靠地预测不同温度下、不同成分的Cu-Fe-Ni三元体系的表面张力。     

新型线性热敏陶瓷复合材料的设计与实现

通过对Ｂａ（Ｓｎ，Ｓｂ）Ｏ３和Ｂｉ２Ｏ３化合物的复合，设计并得到了晶界偏析型复合陶瓷结构．由于复合材料的晶粒具有极小的Ｂ值而晶界势垒也极小，使得该复合材料的电阻－温度特性呈现出良好的线性特征．通过调节Ｂｉ２Ｏ３的含量，可以方便地调节复合材料的室温电阻率．     

含铌高温合金液相中铌偏聚行为

利用热力学相计算方法并结合相应的Ni基数据库对含Nb高温合金液相中Nb偏析规律进行系统的计算分析,计算结果与文献报道的测试结果相符性较好.计算结果表明,液相中Nb偏聚度和最大偏聚量随合金中Nb含量的增加并非单调的增加,而是先增加到一定值后再趋于下降或不变.Nb偏聚度与液固相间的温度差却有单调增加的关系,在此规律的理论指导下,提出了减小Nb偏析的合金设计思路并进行了对比分析.     

Atomic-scale segregation behavior of Sn/Ti and O at Σ3[11¯0](111) grain boundary in niobium

First-principle calculation was performed to illustrate the atomic arrangement and segregation behavior of Sn/Ti and O in View the MathML source grain boundary, and the interaction of oxygen interstitials with Sn/Ti atoms on the grain boundary was studied. The analyses on the segregation energies and geometric positions, and the electron densities show that Sn, Ti and O atoms segregate at the Σ3 grain boundary. And the preferred segregation sites of the impurities at View the MathML source were determined. When Sn segregates at grain boundary plane, the O atom prefers to the bulk-like site and shows no segregation tendency at grain boundary, whereas the segregated Ti atom can slightly enhance oxygen segregation at the grain boundary.     

5383铝合金铸锭偏析行为及均匀化制度的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了铸态5383铝合金的元素偏析行为及均匀化制度对其微观组织演变的影响.研究结果表明：铸态5383铝合金组织中Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析严重,晶界处有大量网状分布的难溶金属间相;均匀化处理后,非平衡共晶相和难溶金属间相发生回溶,晶粒长大并球化,Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析程度减小,同时在位错和晶界附近有大量细小析出相;结合试验及均匀化动力学方程计算结果,得到试验合金的最佳均匀化工艺为480~490℃退火24 h,过烧温度为506℃.     

硼对Al-2.5wt％Cu合金腐蚀抗力的影响

借助于TEM和PTA研究了硼对Al-2.5wt％Cu合金腐蚀抗力的影响。结果表明,当该合金含有0.002wt％,0.004wt％和0.006wt％硼时,合金的腐蚀抗力大大增加。硼增加腐蚀抗力的机制是,硼的加入阻止了合金晶界上第二相颗粒的预先沉淀析出,而硼原子向晶界偏聚则是腐蚀抗力增加的重要原因。