Detecting myocardial ischemia with 2-D CVIB imaging method--an in vivo animal experiment study

A 2-D cyclic variation of integrated backscatter (CVIB) imaging method was established for detecting myocardial ischemia. To demonstrate the feasibility and validity of this method, animal experiments were conducted. Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by occluding left anterior descending coronary artery in 10 anesthetized open-chest dogs. While scanning the normal hearts and the ischemic hearts with a B scanner, digital radiofrequency data were acquired by a real-time acquisition system in synchronism. The offline analysis to the radio-frequency signal with the 2-D CVIB imaging method was performed to verify the consistency between the imaging result and the design of the experiment. In addition, 4 dogs in experiment were treated with the heart pacemaker in order to investigate the influence of changing in heart rate on the detection of ischemic myocardium with the proposed method. The experimental result showed that the 2-D CVIB imaging method succeeded in detecting the ischemic myocardium and is a new non-invasive way for the cardiologists to both quantitatively and visually evaluate the contractile performance of the myocardium.     

用模型方法研究灌注压对缺血区心肌血流时相分布的影响

为了研究在舒张期提高冠脉灌注压对缺血区血流时相分布的影响,建立了一个左心室壁血流灌注仿真模型。模型中正常心肌和缺血心肌中血管网都用３个支路来代表,各个支路由符合生理实际的非线性时变阻容元件组成。以６条雄性犬的左心室压和主动脉压的实测数据作为输入进行仿真,得出了符合已有实验观察的结论。结果表明：舒张期提高灌注压对缺血心肌的血流灌注有明显改善。     

Differential effects of the serotonin receptors on cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons

Effects of serotonin (5-HT) on cerebral cortical neurons were examined by patch clamp techniques. 5-HT produced a variety of responses such as outward (19/73 patches/neurons), slow inward (15/73 patches/neurons), fast inward (8/73 patches/neurons), and mixed currents (initially fast inward deflection followed by an outward response: 2/73 patches/neurons), with a latency of 12 sec, 15 sec, 0 sec, and 0 sec respectively, at a holding potential of −60 mV in whole-cell patches. The fast inward currents were again evoked by a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide hydrochloride (CPBG). In the cell-attached patch clamp configuration, 5-HT inside the patch pipette elicited single channel currents with slope conductances of 42 pS and 132 pS (4/42 patches/neurons). CPBG inside the patch pipette evoked inward single channel currents with a lower slope conductance of 41 pS (3/23 patches/neurons). In contrast, application of 5-HT or a 5-HT₂ receptor agonist, α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-maleate, outside the patch pipette induced outward single channel currents with a major slope conductance of 140 pS (8/30 patches/neurons) or 135 pS (6/20 patches/neurons), respectively. These results indicate that the outward and fast inward currents may be mediated respectively by the 5-HT₂ receptor, which is coupled to a G-protein, and by the 5-HT₃ receptor, which contains the non-selective cation channel, and that the mixed type may be caused by both the 5-HT₂ and 5-HT₃ receptors. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 4 November 1996; accepted 7 November 1996     

硝酸酯类药物临床应用

硝酸酯类药物,在临床上广泛用于治疗心绞痛,其对血管平滑肌有舒张作用。小剂量时可扩张静脉,使静脉回流减少,左室舒末压下降,使心脏前负荷降低,降低心肌耗氧量。较大剂量时,也能舒张外周阻力血管和心肌阻力血管从而降低血压,还可以间接地增强心肌收缩力。硝酸酯类药物可增加冠脉缺血区的血流量,增强缺血区的节段收缩,从而达到抗心肌缺血、抗心绞痛的作用。临床医生只有了解了硝酸酯类药物的药理性质、作用机制、用量、用法及副作用,在临床工作中,才能更好地治疗疾病。     

刺五加对大鼠脑缺血损伤修复作用的研究

采用双侧颈总动脉结扎制作SD大鼠暂时性全脑缺血模型,手术后尾静脉分别注射药物刺五加注射液或生理盐水进行观察和神经行为学评分,制片作常规HE染色和Nestin免疫组化染色检测缺血损伤后的修复情况.神经行为学评分显示刺五加组神经功能恢复明显好于生理盐水组.脑缺血再灌注后3d时海马、室管膜和室管膜下区神经干细胞有少量Nestin阳性表达;脑缺血再灌注后5d和7d时海马、室管膜、室管膜下区和缺血区神经干细胞阳性Nestin阳性细胞数明显增加,尤其在缺血区,刺五加组Nestin阳性表达细胞数显著多于生理盐水对照组.     

优化提取与分离海兔大脑神经节蛋白质组

蓝斑背肛海兔（Notarcus Leachii cirrosus Stimpson，NLCS）属于海洋软体动物．NLCS大脑神经节（cerebral ganglion，CG）富含高丰度的脂类物质，并干扰了三氯醋酸-丙酮法沉淀CG蛋白质．本实验的目的是找到一种适合提取、分离海兔CG蛋白的方法．经各种实验方法对比后，发现超速离心法能有效分离CG破碎液中的脂类化合物，提高双向凝胶电泳法分离BG蛋白质组的分辨率，大约可检测到450个蛋白质点．     

血管紧张素与一氧化氮的调节平衡对缺血心肌的作用

在心血管系统中,肾素 血管紧张素系统是重要的体液调节系统,一氧化氮是具有多种作用的重要的细胞信使。本文就这二者之间的联系对于缺血心肌的影响及血管内皮生长因子表达的机制作一综述。     

二十二碳六烯酸乙酯对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及水肿作用的研究

研究二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(E-DHA)对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及其脑水肿的影响.选用雄性断奶沙土鼠灌胃给予二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(150 mg/(kg·d))或等体积溶媒10周,阻断沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉血流10 min,造成缺血再灌注模型;测定再灌注后脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,超歧化氧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和钾、钠-ATP酶(Na ,K -ATPase)活性,脑水含量,钠、钾离子浓度及海马CA1区神经细胞存活百分数.结果表明:E-DHA预处理显著降低缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织MDA水平,阻止GSH含量、GSH-PX和Na ,K -ATPase活性下降,而对SOD的活性未表现出明显作用;E-DHA亦调节缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织钠、钾离子浓度,减轻缺血再灌注所致的脑水肿和神经细胞死亡.提示E-DHA对脑缺血再灌注脑损伤有显著保护作用,机制可能其与抗氧化作用有关.     

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase regulatory mechanisms and inhibition in treating diabetes, heart ischemia, and cancer

The fraction of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) in the active form is reduced by the activities of dedicated PD kinase isozymes (PDK1, PDK2, PDK3 and PDK4). Via binding to the inner lipoyl domain (L2) of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase (E2 60mer), PDK rapidly access their E2-bound PD substrate. The E2-enhanced activity of the widely distributed PDK2 is limited by dissociation of ADP from its C-terminal catalytic domain, and this is further slowed by pyruvate binding to the N-terminal regulatory (R) domain. Via the reverse of the PDC reaction, NADH and acetyl-CoA reductively acetylate lipoyl group of L2, which binds to the R domain and stimulates PDK2 activity by speeding up ADP dissociation. Activation of PDC by synthetic PDK inhibitors binding at the pyruvate or lipoyl binding sites decreased damage during heart ischemia and lowered blood glucose in insulin-resistant animals. PDC activation also triggers apoptosis in cancer cells that selectively convert glucose to lactate. Received 25 August 2006; received after revision 20 November 2006; accepted 20 December 2006     

诊断超声波对人中孕胎儿大脑皮质神经细胞超微结构影响的初步研究

目的；研究B超定点扫描是否对人中孕胎儿大脑皮质神经细胞超微结构造成影响。方法：将8名健康因避孕失败而自愿要求引产的单胎中孕妊娠（18～25周）的妇女随机分成两组，每组各4例，行水囊引产术，对照组在引产前不作B眼扫描；实验组在引产前30min用频率3.5MHz70%的输出B超（I-SPTA=124.1mW/cm^2）经孕双腹部定点扫描胎儿大脑颞叶皮质10min，引产术后胎儿娩出即取大脑颞叶皮质作透射电镜标本的常规制备与观察。结果：与对照组相比，B超定点扫描10min，胎儿大脑皮质神经细胞的主要变化：（1）细胞核染色质分布不均，成团块状浓缩或边聚；（2）核周质（胞质）内糖原与游离核糖体稀疏；（3）部分线粒体肿胀，呈空泡化；（4）次级溶酶体多见。结论：B超定点扫描10min，胎儿大脑皮质细胞开始有变性改变，由于受损神经细胞不易再生，因此，B超用于产前胎儿颅脑检查尤其早，中孕检查时不应超过10min为宜。