翅片管与空气—水蒸汽混合气间传热规律研究

本文研究水蒸汽重量百分含量为10－35％的空气－水蒸汽混气纵向流过翅片管时，翅片管与空气－水蒸汽混合气间的对流传热。研究表明，由于水蒸汽在翅片面上的冷凝，翅片管与空气－水蒸汽混合气间的对流传热系数高于翅片管与干气体间的对流传热系数，并且翅片间距越大，水蒸汽冷凝使对流传热系数增加的程度越大。从理论上对实验现象做出了较好的解释，并给出子有冷凝发生时，翅片管与空气－水蒸汽混合气间对流传热系数的关联式。     

Constructal entransy optimizations for insulation layer of steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions

Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process, the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained. The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition, the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obvi- ously different. Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate, the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98 %, which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve. For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition, compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness, the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59 % and 39.72 %, respectively, and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient α2,opt which leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer. The difference between the optimal constant coefficients α2,opt obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small. This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small, and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously. The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers.     

不同燃气输运特性计算方法对涡轮平面叶栅对流换热的影响

提出一种不同燃气组分输运特性计算方法对对流换热影响的算法。根据此方法,选取4种常用的计算分子粘性系数及热导率等燃气输运特性的方法进行分析。结果表明,不同燃气组分输运特性计算方法对平板和涡轮平面叶栅的对流换热具有一定影响。在给定的入口温度为1000 K及2200K时,平板当地对流换热的努赛尔数的最大差别分别从2.7%增大到4.0%;在给定的入口温度为1000K及1500K时,涡轮平面叶栅当地对流换热的努赛尔数的最大差别分别从4.58%增大到9.70%。     

扇形柱面内液体的对流临界点

本文研究了横向边界对Rayleigh-Benard问题的影响,作了扇形柱几何中的自然对流的线性稳定性分析。文章确定了当在柱形容器的下底面加热、上底面保持固定温度的条件下,出现自然对流的临界Rayleigh数,井讨论了临界Rayleigh数附近的区域内的优势对流模式(Preferred convective mode)和柱面侧壁对它们的影响。     

地形对对流天气和暴雨的作用

本文分析了地形对对流天气和暴雨的作用，作为地方性灾害天气预报的参考。     

伴随相变的不互溶二元液体混合物的传热 (二)流动传热实验研究

本文以环已烷为分散相、水为连续相进行了不互溶二元液体混合物的流动传热实验:分析了传热机理;关联了实验数据。对于伴随相变化的不互溶二元液体混合物的流动传热过程。从传热机理上可将其分为四个不同的传热区域。即:液—液、汽—液—液、无相变汽—液和汽—液沸腾四个区域。在汽—液—液区域内,分散相液滴的相变化仅仅起到对连续相加剧湍动的作用,而相变化本身对多相流与壁面的传热无影响.在对单一液滴在另一与之不互溶的连续相中的流体力学及相变过程研究的基础上,本文着重对汽—液—液和无相变汽—液区域内的传热系数进行了无因次数群关联.经验关联式的计算值能够与实验值较好地吻合。     

一次典型MCC卫星云图及雷达回波特征分析

2010年6月19日夜间,贵州北部普降暴雨及大暴雨,分析认为,这是由位于贵州中北部、重庆南部的一个中尺度对流复合体(MCC)造成的.利用常规的micaps观测资料、自动站资料及卫星tBB和雷达资料分析了这次MCC的云图和回波特征,结果表明,这次MCC系统造成的降水范围大、雨强强、分布较集中,卫星云图上tBB最小值达-90℃以下,-80℃冷云区面积和MCC的总降水量存在一定的正相关,-80℃冷云区面积越大,MCC总降水量也越大.MCC在雷达回波上表现出一条类似飑线的带状回波和零星的块状回波,带状回波造成的降水强度大,常常造成暴雨和大暴雨.     

建筑水平屋面对流换热特性实验研究

本文分析了现阶段建筑外表面对流换热研究存在的问题,设计了一种用于现场实测建筑外表面对流换热特性的萘升华方法,并利用该方法对高大单体建筑水平屋面的对流换热特性做了测量。实测结果表明建筑屋面的对流换热系数和屋面上方的代表风速成正比,代表风速在5.6m/s以内时,对流换热系数在5-50W/m2K。通过分析表明萘试件表面的温度波动和屋面和空气之间的温差对实测结果影响不大。本文考虑了建筑尺度对对流换热的影响,以风登陆屋面沿风向到测点的距离为代表长度,对实测结果做了无量纲化处理,得到了考虑到建筑尺度的建筑屋面对流换热无量纲准则。     

Diagnostic analysis of the asymmetric structure of the simulated landfalling typhoon “Haitang”

The landfalling processes of Typhoon ＂Haitang＂ near Lianjiang of Fujian Province of China from 00 UTC 19 to 12 UTC 20 July 2005 were reproduced by using the nesting non-hydrostatic WRF model and data assimilation technology （Level II Doppler radar data of Changle of Fujian Province are assimilated to the simulation every one hour from 01 to 06 UTC 19 July 2005）. The mesoscale structure and evolution of the typhoon before, during, and after its landfall were discussed. The simulation data show that the assimilation exper- iment with the high temporal-and-spatial-resolution radar radial velocity and reflectivity data can produce much better simulation of the typhoon track, intensity evolution and landfalling location than the control experiment without assimilating radar data. By using the assimilation experimental data, the mesoscale fine-mesh structure and evolution before and after typhoon landfall were analyzed. Because of the influence of sea-land thermodynamic difference, two asymmetric convective regions were located at ocean and land, respectively. To better understand and investigate the asymmetric-structure characteristics of the landfalling typhoon, several dynamical diagnostic tools, the helicity （H）, the moist potential vorticity （MPV）, the convective vorticity vector （CVV）, the moist vorticity vector （MVV）, which are associated with the development of strong convections, are introduced. Further analysis illuminates that the distribu- tions of these physical diagnostic parameters are totally asymmetric, and subsequently, the associated convections also show distinct asymmetry.     

Generalized moist potential vorticity and its application in the analysis of atmospheric flows

Potential vorticity(PV)serves as an important dynamic tracer for large-scale motions in the atmosphere and oceans.Significant pro-gress has been made on the understanding and application of PV since the work of Hoskins et al,who introduced an"IPV thinking"of a dynamical system in a purely dry atmosphere.In particular,there has been a substantial amount of work done on the PV in a general moist atmosphere.In this paper,the generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV)and its application in the mesoscale meteorological fields are reviewed.The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere(neither completely dry nor saturated)by introducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature.Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere.The effect of mass forcing induced by rainfall on the anomaly of GMPV is also reviewed and a new dynamic variable,the convective vorticity vector(CVV),is introduced in connection with GMPV.2008 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press.All rights reserved.