ELNio事件与我国月降水和温度的关系

用对比度分析方法,研究了ELNino事件对我国月降水和温度的影响,并进行了信度检验.结果表明:ELNino年,全国降水1～9月偏少,10～12月偏多.当5月降水异常少时,ELNino发生的概率达50%以上.当4月温度异常高时,ELNino发生的概率为零,而4月气温异常低时,ELNino发生的概率达50%～83%.这对ELNino的预测,提出了一个重要的信号依据.     

碳纳米管的电化学储氢

用电化学方法使碳纳米管储氢,是把碳纳米管当作储氢负极,形成Ni MH电池·用碳纳米管与镍纳米粉做成负极试样,电解液采用KOH溶液·实验中,对Ni MH电池充放电的50个循环进行测试,通过测量电池的充放电容量和能量,来测量碳纳米管的储氢性能·测试过程由Arbin公司的BF 2043系列电池测试系统控制·实验表明,相对每克碳纳米管,当充电电流为120mA时,电池容量可达126 368mA·h·g-1,而且电池放电非常平稳,放电平台利用率高达97%·可见,碳纳米管是一种很有前途的储氢材料·本研究对利用碳纳米管制做储氢电池提供了实验依据·     

Application of Raman spectroscopy in carbon nanotube-based polymer composites

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used to identify the physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and to assess their func-tionalization as well as orientation. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful tool to characterize the interfacial properties between CNTs and polymer matrices. This review provides an overview of micro-Raman spectroscopy of CNTs and its application in studying CNT reinforced polymer composites. Based on the specific Raman band shifts relating to the mechanical deformation of CNTs, Raman scattering can be used to evaluate the interactions between the CNTs and the surrounding polymer in the composites, and to detect the phase transitions of the polymer, and investigate the local stress state as well as the Young’s modulus of the CNTs. Moreover, we also review the current progress of Raman spectroscopy in various CNT macroarchitectures (such as films, fibers as well as composite fibers). The microscale structural deformation of CNT macroarchitectures and strain transfer factors from macroscale architectures to microscale structures are inferred. Based on an in situ Raman-tensile test, we further predict the Young’s modulus of the CNT macroarchitectures and reveal the dominating factors affecting the mechanical performances of the CNT macroarchitectures     

CO_2加氢制甲醇用碳纳米管促进的高效新型CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2基催化剂

用一种金属Co修饰多壁碳纳米管基复合材料(y%Co/CNT)作为促进剂,制备一种高效新型的y%Co/CNT促进CuO-ZnO-ZrO2基催化剂(记为CuiZnjZrk-x%(y%Co/CNT)),考察其对CO2加氢制甲醇的催化性能.实验结果显示,在组成经优化的Cu8Zn2Zr5-10%(4.5%Co/CNT)催化剂上,5.0 MPa,523 K,V(H2)∶V(CO2)∶V(N2)=69∶23∶8,GHSV=25 000 mL/(h.g)的反应条件下,CO2加氢的转化频率达4.99×10-3s-1,分别是相同条件下非促进的原基质Cu8Zn2Zr5和单纯CNT促进的对应物Cu8Zn2Zr5-10%CNT上的相应值(4.31×10-3和4.64×10-3s-1)的1.16和1.08倍;催化剂的表征结果显示,金属Co修饰CNT促进的催化剂对H2优良的吸附活化性能对CO2加氢转化频率(TOF)的显著提高起主要作用.在CO2加氢产物中甲醇的C-基选择性达97.9%,单程时空产率为699 mg/(h.g),具有实用前景.     

复合反应时间对溶胶-凝胶法合成CNT/ZnO纳米复合体的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CNT/ZnO纳米复合体,通过XRD、SEM及EDS分析等对复合体进行表征,研究ZnO纳米颗粒在CNTs表面的生长过程,并就复合反应时间对CNT/ZnO纳米复合体形成的影响进行探讨。结果显示,负载于CNTs表面的ZnO纳米颗粒为六方纤锌矿结构;当复合反应时间不超过2.5h时,ZnO纳米颗粒在CNTs表面上的负载量随复合反应时间延长而递增,而当复合反应时间超过2.5h后,ZnO颗粒在CNTs表面上的负载量不再增加且颗粒间出现严重团聚。     

Optimizing the fabrication of carbon nanotube electrode for effective capacitive deionization via electrophoretic deposition strategy

In order to obtain superior electrode performances in capacitive deionization(CDI), the electrophoretic deposition(EPD) was introduced as a novel strategy for the fabrication of carbon nanotube(CNT) electrode.Preparation parameters, including the concentration of slurry components, deposition time and electric field intensity, were mainly investigated and optimized in terms of electrochemical characteristic and desalination performance of the deposited CNT electrode. The SEM image shows that the CNT material was deposited homogeneously on the current collector and a non-crack surface of the electrode was obtained. An optimal preparation condition of the deposited CNT electrode was obtained and specified as the Al(NO3)3 M concentration of 1.3 × 10~(-2) mol/L, the deposition time of 30 min and the electric field intensity of 15 V/cm. The obtained electrode performs an increasing specific mass capacitance of 33.36 F/g and specific adsorption capacity of 23.93 mg/g, which are 1.62 and 1.85 times those of the coated electrode respectively. The good performance of the deposited CNT electrode indicates the promising application of the EPD methodology in subsequent research and fabrication of the CDI electrodes for CDI process.     

碳纳米管/纤维阴极场发射平板显示器研制

探索了从碳纳米管/纳米纤维（CNT/CNF）的制备到CNT/CNF阴极场发射平面显示器(c-FED)封装的工艺流程.用化学气相沉积方法,优化制备条件获得了纯度较高的CNT/CNF;以 CNT/CNF和低压荧光粉为原料,采用丝网印刷工艺制作显示器的阴极和阳极;采用类真空荧光显示器的封装工艺封装了c-FED样管.所研制的c-FED具有优良的场发射性能,较好的均匀性及发光密度,黄色荧光粉的c-FED在电场为 2.7 V/μm时的亮度可达600 cd/m².因该显示器使用普通玻璃作为阴阳极基板,整个工艺流程在大面积和实用化方面有很好的应用潜力.      

深过冷液态金属中的均匀形核

首先讨论了液态金属和非晶金属在结构方面的相似之处，然后讨论了传统形核理论的一些缺陷以及与之相矛盾的一些实验结果，目的是进一步探讨均匀形核的机理。在此基础上，提出了无扩散形核理论及其形核壁垒的公式，并对均匀形核理论的矛盾进行了数学上的论证。无扩散形核理论有效地解释了晶体形核和非晶形核的过程。     

The influence of probe lift-up height on CNT electrical properties measurement under EFM DC mode

Nowadays, one of the bottlenecks which hinder the development and application of carbon nanotube （CNT） nano device is that no pure semiconducting CNT （s-CNT） or metallic CNT （m-CNT） can be obtained, and for solving this problem scientists proposed some methods on preparation or separation, but all the results still should be detected and feedback to the process for further improving the preparation and separation methods. Thus, it is very important to measure and distinguish the electrical properties of CNT. For that, scientists proposed a method to measure CNT electrical properties based on DC elec- trostatic force microscope （EFM） mode, which distin- guishes m-CNT from s-CNT according to different scan line shape to CNT with different electrical properties. But, we discovered that the probe lift-up height will seriously affect the shape of the scan line, which makes this method not reliable in distinguishing m-CNT from s-CNT. In this paper, the authors deeply researched the influence of probe lift-up height and also gave corresponding theoretical analysis and explanation, which will greatly improve the method of detecting CNT electrical properties by EFM.