The start-up of biohydrogen-producing process by bioaugmentation in the EGSB reactor

Expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and bioaugmentation were employed to investigate biohydrogen production with molasses wastewater. The start-up experiments consisted of two stages. In the first stage (0～24d) seeded with activated sludge, the butyric acid type-fermentation formed when the initial expanding rate, organic loading rate (OLR), the initial redox potential (ORP) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 10%, 10.0 kg COD/(m3·d), - 215 mV and 6.7 h, respectively. At the beginning of the second stage on day 25, the novel hydrogen-producing fermentative bacterial strain B49 (AF481148 in EMBL) were inoculated into the reactor under the condition of OLR 16. 0 kg COD/(m3·d), ORP and HRT about - 139 mV and 6.7 h, respectively, and then the reaction system transformed to ethanol-type fermentation gradually with the increase in OLR. When OLR, ORP and HRT were about 94.3 kg COD/(m3·d), -250 mV and 1.7 h, respectively, the system achieved the maximum hydrogen-producing rate of 282.6 mL H2/L reactor· h and hydrogen percentage of 51%～53% in the biogas.     

Effects of medium nutrition on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B production by suspension cell culture of Camptotheca acuminata

The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of Camptotheca acuminata were investigated in 250 mL shake flasks. 30 g L^-1 sucrose concentration was beneficial to secondary metabolites synthesis. The cell growth and metabolites synthesis were also affected by the ratio of NO3^-/NH4^＋ , and nitrate was tavourable for cell growth. The maximum dry weight was achieved when nitrate was used as the sole N souree. The effect of total initial N on the cell cultures was also investigated with NO3^-/NH4^＋ ratio of 1 ： 2. The final dry cell weight was similar throughout culture period and 50 mM initial N was favourable for secondary metabolite synthesis. 50 mM initial phosphate concentration facilitated both cell growth and secondary metabolites synthesis.     

Win32 PE病毒研究

计算机病毒在近年来发展很快,从早期的DOS病毒到现在的W in32病毒,它成为直接威胁计算机信息安全主要因素.W in32 PE文件格式是W indows操作系统主要的可执行文件格式.主要介绍Win32 PE文件病毒的机理、关键技术及其传染的过程,以期对其的破解和控制有助.     

基于B/S结构的在线测试系统的设计与实现

介绍了基于B/S结构的在线测试系统的基本功能和实现方法,给出了系统的应用设计,完成了系统模型的实现.系统具有良好的学生测试和自动评价功能,利用网络数据库的优势解决了群体测试的整体评价.     

WDR34 is a novel TAK1-associated suppressor of the IL-1R/TLR3/TLR4-induced NF-κB activation pathway

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as sensors of microbial components and elicit innate immune responses. All TLR signaling pathways activate the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), which controls the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is critically involved in the activation of NF-κB by tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TLR ligands. In this study, we identified a novel protein, WD40 domain repeat protein 34 (WDR34) as a TAK1-interacting protein in yeast two-hybrid screens. WDR34 interacted with TAK1, TAK1-binding protein 2 (TAB2), TAK1-binding protein 3 (TAB3) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in overexpression and under physiological conditions. Overexpression of WDR34 inhibited IL-1β-, polyI:C- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced but not TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, whereas knockdown of WDR34 by a RNA-interference construct potentiated NF-κB activation by these ligands. Our findings suggest that WDR34 is a TAK1-associated inhibitor of the IL-1R/TLR3/TLR4-induced NF-κB activation pathway. D. Gao and R. Wang contributed equally to this work.     

几种高分子微球与兔免疫球蛋白的偶联及偶联条件的优化

利用化学偶联法,将8种不同性质的高分子微球与自制的兔免疫球蛋白偶联,根据偶联量大小,考虑微球的性价比,选择出合适的高分子微球产品.实验对200目的氨基硅胶微球的偶联条件作进一步摸索.结果表明,当偶联时间6~8 h,EDC浓度10 g/L,反应pH为5.0,温度为4℃,蛋白质初始浓度为0.7 g/L时,兔免疫球蛋白的偶联量达到6 mg蛋白/g微球,黄曲酶毒素B1的柱回收率在90%以上,达到放大生产要求.     

Highly homologous HERC proteins localize to endosomes and exhibit specific interactions with hPLIC and Nm23B

Small HERC proteins are defined by the presence of one RCC1-like domain and a HECT domain. Having evolved out of one common ancestor, the four members of the family exhibit a high degree of homology in genomic organization and amino acid sequence, thus it seems possible that they might accomplish similar functions. Here we show that small HERC proteins interact with each other and localize to the same cellular structures, which we identify as late endosomes and lysosomes. We demonstrate interaction of HERC3 with the ubiquitin-like proteins hPLIC-1 and hPLIC-2 and we establish interaction of HERC5 with the metastasis suppressor Nm23B. While hPLIC proteins are not ubiquitinated by HERC3, HERC5 plays an important role in ubiquitination of Nm23B. In summary, although small HERC proteins are highly homologous showing the same subcellular distribution, they undergo different molecular interactions.     

ERK activation by Ca2+ ionophores depends on Ca2+ entry in lymphocytes but not in platelets, and does not conduct membrane scrambling

Rapid Ca²⁺-dependent phospholipid (PL) reorganization (scrambling) at the plasma membrane is a mechanism common to hematopoietic cells exposing procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS). The aim of this research was to determine whether activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was required for PL scrambling, based on a single report analyzing both responses induced by Ca²⁺ ionophores in megakaryoblastic HEL cells. Ca²⁺ ionophore-stimulated ERK phosphorylation was induced in platelets without external Ca²⁺, whereas exogenous Ca²⁺ entry was crucial for ERK activation in Jurkat T cells. In both cells, membrane scrambling only occurred following Ca²⁺ entry and was not blocked by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, ERK proteins are strongly phosphorylated in transformed B lymphoblastic cell lines, which do not expose PS in their resting state. Overall, the data demonstrated that ERK activation and membrane scrambling are independent mechanisms. A. Arachiche, I. Badirou: These authors contributed equally to this work. Received 18 June 2008; received after revision 24 September 2008; accepted 1 October 2008     

基于DS18B20测温的ARM温度采集系统研究

通过研究实现了以ARM为核心的温度采集系统,采用数字温度计芯片DS18B20构成测温单元,设计了DSl8B20与ARM连线图,并介绍了如何实现温度采集以及与PC机间的数据通讯。PC机可把接收到的ARM采集到的温度数据进行整理并显示,具有一定的实用价值。